Mutation selection

Question 1

mutation

Answer 1

• any change in nucleotide sequences of an organisms DNA
• most are harmful or neutral
• origin of genetic variation

Question 2

mutation rates

Answer 2

how often DNA varies:
- among regions in genome
- among organisms

Question 3

fitness

Answer 3

• survival and reproduction
• selection increases frequency of favoured trait in next gen

Question 4

sexual selection

Answer 4

• individuals mate preferentially w/ particular individuals
• not at random
• favours traits that enhance chance of reproduction but not survival

Question 5

adaptation process

Answer 5

• members of a population become better adapted to environment over the time

Question 6

adaptation characteristics

Answer 6

• enhances survival or reproduction in organisms

Question 7

migration

Answer 7

• movement of individual/gametes

Question 8

gene flow

Answer 8

• migrants survive and reproduce, changes allele frequencies in population relative to rate and direction

Question 9

genetic drift

Answer 9

• random changes in allele frequencies from one generation to the next
• random survival
• has larger impacts in smaller population

Question 10

mechanisms in unstable populations

Answer 10

• population bottleneck
• founder effect

Question 11

population bottleneck

Answer 11

• population is drastically reduced in size
• small no. of survivors may not be representative of original population
• as population grows again, there will be diff. proportions of alleles

Question 12

founder effect

Answer 12

• population is started by a small no. of individuals
• unlikely to possess all alleles in gene pool of source population
• rare alleles likely to be lost