1
Q
define: mutation
A
change to DNA
2
Q
how can mutations occur?
A
due to errors in replications or mutagens
3
Q
/mutagen def and example
A
factors causing mutation. eg. UV light causes mutation in skin cells leading to skin cancers
4
Q
most are detected…
A
and repaired by enzymes, otherwise can be good, bad, neutral
5
Q
where can it occur?
A
body (somatic mutations)
gametes (germline mutations)
6
Q
what are the 2 types of mutations?
A
point an block
7
Q
describe point mutations
A
adding/deleting/changing it
8
Q
types of point mutations
A
- substitution: changes; nonsense (forms stop codon), silent (codon codes for same aa) an missense (changes)
- frameshift: 1/2 nucleotides added or deleted; changes codons and hence aa’s.
9
Q
describe block mutations
A
whole segments of chromosomes are altered.
10
Q
describe types of block mutations
A
- duplication
- deletion
- inversion (flippe
- insertion (one to another
- translocation (swapped)
