1
Q
What has been proven to be a very effective way to promote traffic safety?
A
Citing violators
2
Q
A Civil Motor Vehicle Infraction draws a fine called a…
A
Scheduled Assessment
3
Q
True or False: When a citation involves criminal and civil infractions and the criminal matter goes to a jury, the jury does not rule on whether the operator is responsible for civil infractions.
A
True, The jury only listens to the criminal portion of the citation. A magistrate decides if the operator is responsible for the civil infractions.
4
Q
When officers write a citation they keep one copy. When must the other 3 copies be turned in?
A
At the end of their tour of duty
5
Q
Voided Citations: For a voided citation that was improperly issued, spoiled, or mutilated, it should:(3)
A
- Be immediately sent to the Registry.2. Be endorsed by issuing officer and supervisor on department letterhead with full explanation of why it was voided.3. Be accounted for on audit sheet in the book from which it was removed.
6
Q
Who can complete the Citation Audit Sheets?
A
The Chief of Police or Ranking Officer no less than a Sergeant.
7
Q
What is key to disproving allegations of police bias during a traffic stop?
A
Police testimony about the officer’s regular assignment, officer’s enforcement patterns, sequence of events prior to the stop, public safety interests at stake in enforcing the violation, and the specific agency policies and procedures regarding traffic stops.
8
Q
What are the two reasons why officers must give a copy of the citation to the violator at the time and place of violation?
A
- Provide violator with notice of violation. 2. Prevent manipulation or “Fixing” of Traffic Citations.
9
Q
Failure to give a violator a copy of a citation in hand can be a defense in court but there are 4 exceptions to the rule. What are they?
A
- The violator could not be stopped (leaving scene).2. Additional time needed to determine nature of violation or identity of violator.3. Violation resulted in death.4. Court finds reasonable circumstances justifying the delay (off-duty officer without citation book).
10
Q
As defined under Chapter 90 Section 1, a construction vehicle is defined as vehicles used for other purposes than the transportation of property and incapable of exceeding ———-miles per hour.
A
Incapable of being driven at speeds exceeding 12 miles per hour.Under “Motor Vehicles” Chapter 90 -1
11
Q
What is the most obvious and frequent way to prove operation of a motor vehicle?
A
Actual Operation. Observing a person driving or locating a witness who can testify to the fact of operation
12
Q
Is failure to stop enough to justify fresh pursuit into another jurisdiction?
A
Yes, because it is a warrantless arrest in presence offense
13
Q
When may officers ask for ID from passengers in a motor vehicle during a traffic stop? (6)
A
- Safety Risk (Armed and Dangerous).2. Involved in vehicle violation (Not wearing seat belt).3. Necessary to resolve the vehicle violation (sitting next to a Learner’s Permit Operator)4. Involved in Criminal conduct5. Involved in unsafe or improper conduct.6. Witness to a crime.
14
Q
Operators must never drive within how many feet of an emergency vehicle responding with lights and sirens?
A
Within 300 feet.
15
Q
Parking is prohibited within how many feet of a fire?
A
Within 800 feet of a fire
16
Q
When approaching emergency stationary vehicles roadside what must the operator do? (2)
A
- Always proceed with due caution.2. Move over to non-adjacent lane if practical. (CMVI $105 89.7C)
17
Q
In an emergency, first responders may cautiously exceed speed limits and drive contrary to traffic signs after they have fully stopped. What are they not allowed to do?
A
First responders are not allowed to pass a school bus with flashing lights unless another police officer signals otherwise.
18
Q
There is no such thing as a “safe pursuit” when talking about high speed pursuits. When do the most disastrous pursuits happen?
A
They often stem from the pursuing officers’ “ego”.
19
Q
During a high-speed pursuit an officer should drive defensively and sensibly. The book also makes several other recommendations(8):
A
- Always conform to requirements under 89.7B.2. Activate warning lights and siren3. Avoid pursuing a vehicle wrong way on divided hwy or one-way street (Unless necessary to prevent clear and present danger).4. Yield to a marked cruiser if conducting pursuit in an unmarked unit or on a motorcycle.5. Avoid deliberate collision with suspect vehicle (unless there is an immediate and realisticthreat of death or serious bodily injury and all other apprehension methods have failed or would be ineffective).6. Avoid Discharge a weapon toward a moving vehicle (Unless necessary for the protection of life).7. Not pursue with a non-law enforcement passenger in the vehicle (Unless necessary).8. Avoid pursuing with non-law enforcement vehicle (Unless necessary because felonious conduct involved).**These all have exceptions but an officer may never pass a school bus with flashing lights**
20
Q
Who may order a driving ban?
A
The Governor.
21
Q
Can an officer issue a traffic citation for a driving ban violation?
A
No. Arrest for breach of peace in presence, file a criminal complaint application or issue a verbal warning and have them leave the roadway.
22
Q
How many hours must a vehicle be abandoned on a public or private land other than his own before it is deemed to be “abandoned” by statute?
A
More than 72 hours without permission of the property owner
23
Q
Chapter 90 Section 20D defines removing a parking ticket as when someone tampers with or removes a parking ticket that was affixed to a vehicle. Is this a citation offense or a complaint?
A
Complaint, unless breach of peace in your presence. Never issue Chapter 90 Citation.
24
Q
In order to tow a vehicle off of private property the owner of the vehicle must give consent or the police must be notified. Does this process occur before or after the removal of the vehicle?
A
Before the vehicle is removed the property owner must get consent from vehicle owner or notify police
25
Temporary Handicap Placards are issued when someone is disabled for at least--------- months but not more than---------- months.
The applicant's disability is at least 2 months but less than 24 months.
26
Which one of the following is a felony?- Parking in handicap parking spot- Any person who wrongfully displays placard or plate- Any person who possesses or uses a photocopied placard
- Any person who possesses or uses a photocopied or "fake" placard. - Wrongful display is a CMVI fine . - Wrongfully parking in a handicap spot is a parking ticket fine.
27
When a motorist is prosecuted for operating a motor vehicle without a license is the burden on the operator or the Commonwealth to prove he did or did not in fact have a license?
The burden is on the motorist during prosecution.
28
Can a motorist be prosecuted for operating a motor vehicle without a license on any way or just on a public way?
A motorist can be prosecuted for operating without a license on "any public highway, private way laid out under authority of statute, way dedicated to public use, or way under the control of a park commissioner or body having like powers."
29
If a member of the Armed Forces returns from active duty, and has a license to operate a motor vehicle from another country and issued by the armed forces, but does not have a Massachusetts license, how many days can he operate a motor vehicle in Massachusetts without a license?
45 day "grace period".
30
If a member of the Armed Forces returns from Active Duty and his Massachusetts license has or is about to expire how many days can he operate in Massachusetts with the expired license?
60 day "grace period".
31
If a motorist is operating out of his or her license restriction (ex. not wearing glasses but has "B" restriction) what is the officer's strongest action?
Arrest in presence for Unlicensed operation of a motor vehicle 90.10 and 90.21.
32
How long can a non-resident operate a motor vehicle without a Massachusetts license once they take up residence in the state?
There is no grace period for non residents once they become residents of Massachusetts.
33
If a non-resident is driving in Massachusetts without their license in their possession or they are under 16 years old what is the officer's strongest action?
Arrest in presence or complaint for Unlicensed Operation of a motor vehicle 90.10 and 90.21.
34
A Massachusetts' Class A driver's license gives the operator the right to operate vehicle with a gross weight of-----------or more.
26,001 or more pounds.
35
What letter represents the License Restriction for Ignition Interlock device on a driver's license?
The letter "T".This is a recent 2020 change. The letter "Z" now relates to "Less than full Air Brake CMV (Commercial Motor Vehicle Violation
36
What is the definition of a junior operator?
A junior operator is under 18 years old and has a valid driver's license.
37
A junior operator can not operate a motor vehicle with any passengers under 18 within the first 6 months of receiving their license. There are 3 exceptions to this rule. What are they?
1. ANY immediate family member.2. Seat next to the driver occupied by someone at least 21 years old and has had a valid Mass license or at least 1 year.3. The Junior operator is "Emancipated Minor".
38
If a Junior Operator violates the passenger restrictions within first 6 months of receiving their license what is the strongest enforcement action?
$40 CMVI. No arrest permitted(90.8)
39
What time are junior operators restricted from driving?
No driving between 12:30 and 5 am.Two exceptions:1. When accompanied by a parent or guardian, who does not need to be a licensed driver, or2. The JOL is an emancipated minor
40
Between what hours may police engage in primary enforcement of the JOL hours restriction?
Between 1 am and 4 am. The hours restriction is 12:30am to 5 am but primary enforcement may not take place between 12:30 and 1 am and again between 4am and 5 am.
41
Colleges must maintain a register of students with out-of-state insurance. The school must issue the student a decal. Where does the college decal go on the student's vehicle?
Uppermost center portion of the windshield.
42
How many days does a vehicle purchaser have to transfer his registration and insurance to the new vehicle?
7 days. 7 day period starts on day of transfer and up until 5pm on Day 7.
43
In order to qualify for the 7 day "grace period" when purchasing a vehicle what requirements must be met? (5)
1. Seller must have properly signed the certificate of origin (new vehicle) or certificate of title (used vehicle) and delivered the appropriate document to the purchaser2. Purchaser must be at least 18 years old3. Previously owned vehicle and newly acquired vehicle must be the same type and have the same number of wheels- An original copy of the bill of sale reciting the registration number to be transferred from the former vehicle to the new one; or- The Certificate of Transfer issued by the dealer on an RMV form4. Registration plates must be attached to the newly acquired vehicle or trailer5. Must transfer ownership or lose possession of old vehicle[90-2](https://malegislature.gov/laws/generallaws/parti/titlexiv/chapter90/section2)
44
Is the burden on the Commonwealth or vehicle owner to prove in court that the vehicle was registered or unregistered?
It is the Commonwealth's burden to prove the vehicle was unregistered. \*This may be proven by obtaining a certificate from the RMV
45
What is the maximum number of days one can "loan" a vehicle with dealer plates attached?
Maximum of 5 days.
46
What is the strongest enforcement action for attaching or concealing motor vehicle plates?
Complaint application under Chapter 90 section 23.
47
What is an important difference between illegally attaching plates and stealing plates?
To charge with stealing a license plate the Commonwealth must prove that the offender actually took the plate. The charge of stealing a license plate is a misdemeanor warrantless arrest on probable cause.
48
True or false: Chapter 90 section 6- Proper display of registration plates only requires the number to be visible and does not apply to any letters or other graphics on the plate.
True.
49
A rear license plate must have a white light and be visible at night for how many feet?
60 feet.
50
If only one registration plate is issued it must be placed on the---------of the vehicle.
On the rear of the vehicle.
51
Definition of an antique motor car (2)
1. Over 25 years old.2. Maintained solely for use in exhibitions, parades, club activities and other functions of public interest.
52
Strongest enforcement action against a sex offender that has engaged in ice cream truck vending?
Misdemeanor warrantless arrest on probable cause.
53
What are the 3 ways to tamper or alter a VIN under Chapter 266 section 39?
1. Intentional alteration of VIN (felony).2. Transferring tampered VIN (felony).3. Receiving tampered VIN (misdemeanor warrantless arrest based on probable cause).
54
Strongest action against an uninsured vehicle on any public or private way is a complaint application under Chapter 90 section 34J. What is a highly disfavored enforcement approach?
A warning for uninsured motor vehicle.
55
Chapter 90 section 24B The statute makes it a felony to alter, forge, or possess fake vehicle documents. Does this include registration stickers?
No.
56
Strongest enforcement action against someone operating a motor vehicle with a suspended or revoked license?
Warrantless arrest in officer's presence if committed on a public way. Otherwise, complaint application.
57
Strongest enforcement action against someone operating a motor vehicle with a suspended or revoked registration?
Complaint application. No arrest in officer's presence.
58
Suspended licensed driver stopped in a motor vehicle registered to him. Officers should: (3)
1. Remove Mass plates and tow the vehicle.2. Destroy or recycle plates.3. Immediately fax the "Report and Affidavit" form.
59
Suspended driver stopped in a vehicle belonging to another. Officers should: (2)
1. Tow the vehicle but leave the plates on it2. Immediately fax the "Report and Affidavit" form.
60
There are three ways an officer can prove the operator's license was suspended or revoked in court. What does the book* recommend as the first method?
1. Obtain a certificate from the RMV.2. Other two options are court docket and actual knowledge.*2023 LED MV Reference Manual
61
Definition of Habitual Traffic Offender:
Within a 5 year period a total of 3 major incidents (OUI, Op. after Susp., Leaving the scene) or 12 total incidents where RMV could issue 30 day license suspension.
62
How long is a Habitual Traffic Offender's license suspended for?
4 years.
63
A child UNDER the age of 8 must be restrained by a child passenger restraint unless the child is at least how many inches tall?
Under 8 the child must be at least 57" tall, or 4 feet 9 inchesOver 8?- no height requirement.
64
Under the age of ---------a child must wear a safety belt.
Under the age of 13 a child must wear a safety belt.
65
If a child is unrestrained and under 13 then this is considered primary traffic enforcement. If the child is 13 or over then it is secondary enforcement. If a child is--------or over then you cite the passenger in violation of the seatbelt law and not the driver.
If a passenger is 16 or over then you cite the passenger in violation. Under 16-cite the driver.
66
How many days can a vehicle be operated after failing inspection for safety issues?
0 days.
67
How many days can a vehicle be operated after failing inspection for emission issues?
60 days. and 20 days for a motorcycle.
68
There is no law that permits or requires officers to impound a vehicle being operated with a safety inspection sticker. Officers have 3 options for how to handle this situation. What are they?
1. Issue a citation or warning under 90.20 and allow motorist to drive to a repair garage2. Issue a citation or warning and have the vehicle towed (listed as best option)3. Issue a citation, have the vehicle towed, and file an Immediate Threat for registration suspension form
69
What is the minimum tire tread depth?
2/32".
70
During what months are metal studded tires prohibited?
Between May 1st and November 1st unless authorized by registrar on Emergency vehicle.
71
When must an operator use headlights? (3)
1. 1/2 hour after sunset to 1/2 before sunrise2. Reduced visibility/ low atmospheric conditions.3. Whenever windshield wipers are on.
72
When can an operator use a spotlight while operating a motor vehicle in Massachusetts? (2)
1. For the purpose of reading signs.2. As an auxiliary light in cases of necessity when the other lights required by law fail to operate.
73
The rays of a spotlight may shine--------feet above the pavement for no longer than-------feet.
No more then 2 feet from the road for a distance of 30 feet.
74
Items extending over-------feet behind a vehicle must have a red flag or a red light at night.
Items extending over 4 feet behind vehicle.
75
A Crane or boom extending over--------feet must be followed by another vehicle.
Crane or boom over 15 feet must be followed by another vehicle.
76
What is the maximum height of a vehicle?
13 feet 6"inches (13'6")
77
Height marks are required every 4 inches for any vehicle extending over-------feet.
Any vehicle over 10 feet high must have markings in 4 inch increments.
78
A person cannot alter the height of a motor vehicle more than-------inches.
More than 2 inches.
79
What is the maximum vehicle width?
102 inches (102")
80
What is the maximum vehicle length?
33 feet (33')Width-102"Height 13'6"
81
Any vehicle over 5,000lbs must have this many flares:
3 flares.
82
A backup alarm is required for any vehicle weighing more than---------pounds (lbs).
More than 12,000 pounds (12,000 lbs).
83
When deciding to apply for an immediate threat complaint which factor should not even be implied as a factor(s) in the officer's decision according to the MVRF?
Age or Gender
84
The Immediate Threat is powerful because the registrar revokes a license without a hearing. It should never be used as an additional sanction for a motorist who talks back. These are the key:
Multiple, flagrant violations
85
Under 18 Learner's Permit Operator can not operate between what hours without a licensed parent/guardian?
No Operation between 12 a.m. and 5 a.m
86
Over 18 Learner's Permit Operator cannot operate between what hours without a licensed driver, 21 years old, with 1 year of driving experience, in the front passenger seat?
No Operation between 12 a.m. and 5 a.mActually:A LPO over 18 cannot operate at any time without a licensed driver (+1 year exp), at least 21 years old, with 1 year of driving experience, in the front passenger seat.
87
Anyone with a Learner's Permit for a motorcycle can not operate between what hours?
No operation from sunset to sunrise. Can't have a passenger either at any time
88
How long is a Junior operator prohibited from driving between the hours of 12:30 AM - 5:00 AM?
Until they turn 18.\*as long as they are under 18, they can not drive during these hours alone, unless emancipated or accompanied by a parent or guardian who is licensed or not.
89
How long does the passenger restriction for a junior operator last?
Lasts only for the first six months of their license while under 18.
90
3 types of school zone sign controls:
1. Normal, state-approved black and white sign in effect all times, whether kids are on playground or even in school at time of violation.2. Designated Hours ("7am to 3pm").3. Signs with flashing lights-indicates speed reduction only when lights are flashing.
91
2 types of speeding:
1. Basic Speeding- Chapter 90 section 17.2. Absolute or "posted" speeding - Chapter 90 section 18.
92
A vehicle with metal tires and weighing over 4 tons cannot travel over-------m.p.h. on a public way:
A vehicle with metal tires and weighing over 4 tons cannot travel over 4 m.p.h. on a public way.
93
A Moped cannot be driven over or it is considered speeding:
A Moped cannot be driven over 25 m.p.h..
94
A motorized scooter may not be driven over or it is considered speeding:
A motorized scooter may not be driven over 20 m.p.h.
95
A pickup truck may not travel for a distance more than ------miles or at a speed over------m.p.h. with children under 12 in the truck bed.
A pickup truck may not travel for a distance more than 5 miles or at a speed over 5 m.p.h. with children under 12 in the truck bed. (just remember "5").
96
In order to be found responsible for failing to use a turn or stop signal, the operator's failure to use the signal must affect what?
The failure to use a signal must affect the operation of any other vehicle.
97
There are 3 options for charging someone with a one-way violation: 1. local ordinance or bylaw 2.State Highway- 720 CMR 3. Cite for restricted way violation. Which one does the book* list as the "preferred option"?
The preferred option is to cite operator for restricted way violation, which is a $55 fine under Chapter 90 section 16.*2023 LED MV Reference Manual
98
Motorcycles may not ride more than ------ abreast.
Motorcycles may not ride more than 2 abreast.
99
An operator may not allow their engine to remain idle for longer than------ minutes.
An operator may not allow their engine to remain idle for longer than 5 minutes.
100
If a police officer sees a motorist willfully interrupt a funeral procession what is the strongest action the officer can take?
Arrest in your presence on a breach of peaceIf not in your presence- Complaint application under Chapter 272 section 42Do not issue citation
101
How many vehicles are minimally required to define a funeral procession?
2 or more vehicles accompanying a deceased person.
102
True or False: Something hanging from a rear-view mirror, and nothing more, constitutes a violation of Impeded Operation, Chapter 90 section 13, which carries a 40$ CMVI.
False, items hanging from the rear view mirror is insufficient to cite for this violation.
103
It is a $105 CMVI for anyone under 18 to use a mobile phone or electronic device while driving. What are the 5 exceptions?
1. Any audio equipment (car radio).2. Emergency cell phone use for accident or need of police fire ems services.3. Use of temporary or permanent GPS device affixed to vehicle (does not cover hand held devices or cell phone maps).4. Emergency device (OnStar).5. Video equipment for entertainment for rear seat passengers.
104
True or False: Texting while driving is against the law for everyone and not just people under 18.
True, it is a $105 CMVI for anyone that texts while driving. This includes stopped in traffic. The only defense is if the vehicle is parked.
105
What is the strongest action for the criminal offense of 90.24, Operating to Endanger?
Warrantless arrest in presence for breach of peace. Otherwise, citation issued as complaint application
106
The crime of OUI manslaughter is a misdemeanor. When does this crime become a felony?
When the operator is under the influence and he or she operates either negligently or recklessly.
107
What is the most obvious way to operate a motor vehicle?
Driving.
108
In regards to proof of operation of a motor vehicle, what is the most common form of proof?
Seeing a person driving or having a witness that sees the person drive
109
3 locations that constitute public way
1. Public way2. Public right of access (mall parking lot)3. Public access as invitees or licensees
110
What is the most common way to prove public way?
Officer Testimony.
111
Definition of under the influence for the purpose of OUI?
Diminished ability to drive or .08 BAC
112
There are 3 sources to prove that the intoxicating agent was alcohol for the purpose of OUI. What are they?
1. Odor2. Defendant's admission3. Breathalyzer or blood test
113
If a motorist is suspected of OUI and has taken prescription medication and alcohol, what must the officer prove in order to charge OUI?
The officer must prove that the motorist had reason to know the possible side effect from the medication
114
In order to charge someone with Child Endangerment while OUI the child must be ------- or younger.
14 or under. (only charge where it is 14 or under- usually under 14)
115
An ignition interlock device will be required if a person is convicted of OUI for the-------time.
Ignition interlock device required after second OUI conviction.
116
G.L. c. 90, § 1 defines a ----------, commonly called a --------------, as a bicycle with a motor with a cylinder capacity not exceeding 50 cubic centimeters, and an automatic transmission which cannot attain a speed over 30 mph
motorized bicycle. moped.
117
G.L. c. 90, § 1 defines a ---------- as any 2 wheeled tandem or 3 wheeled device that has handlebars, designed to be stood or sat upon by the operator, powered by an electric or gas powered motor that is capable of propelling the device with or without human propulsion.
motorized scooter.
118
Passengers are allowed to ride on which of the following: Motorized Scooter or motorized bicycle(Moped).
Only passengers allowed on mopeds; no passengers allowed on scooters.
119
True or False? G.L. c. 90, § 1C allows officers to cite moped and scooter violators in the same manner that they cite vehicle offenders.
True.
120
Which must be registered, a moped or a scooter?
Mopeds must be registered, and each bike must have a plate or sticker affixed to it with a distinctive number. The registration must be renewed biannually.
121
Mopeds and scooters are allowed on all public ways, except?
Limited access or express state highways where signs specifically prohibiting bicycles have been posted.
122
Speeding on a moped is defined as over how many miles per hour?
over 25 miles per hour.
123
Speeding on a scooter is defined as over how many miles per hour?
Scooters over 20 miles per hour
124
What are the restricted hours of operation for mopeds and scooters?
Mopeds operators: No limitations. Scooter operators: No operation after sunset or before sunrise.
125
What is the only exception to having to wear a helmet on a motorcycle?
The motorcyclist is participating in a properly permitted public parade and is 18 years of age or older.
126
True or False? If a motorcycle is equipped with a protective face shield, no eyeglasses or goggles are required?
True. Eyeglasses, goggles or a protective face shield must be worn unless the MC is equipped with a windshield or screen.
127
If a motorcycle operator has only a learner's permit what are the restrictions? (2)
1 - NO PASSENGER with LEARNER'S PERMIT2- NO OPERATION after SUNSET or before SUNRISE with LEARNER'S PERMIT
128
IMPROPER MC HORN 540 CMR 4.06 notes that the MC horn must: Be distinctly audible at a distance of -------under normal atmospheric conditions.
200 feet.
129
What is the minimum depth of tread for a MOTORCYCLE tire?
2/32" - (Same as Motor Vehicle).
130
Any motor vehicle designed or modified for use over unimproved terrain for recreation while not being operated on a public way, including all-terrain vehicles, dirt bikes, utility vehicles and all registered motor vehicles while not being operated on a public way. This defines what types of vehicles?
Recreation or off-highway vehicle.
131
Public way use. If used on a public way, snow or recreational vehicles are subject to?
All motor vehicle laws — including registration, plates, insurance and OUI.
132
When can snow or recreational vehicles be used on a public way?
If emergency conditions render public ways impassable, the registrar may, without notice or hearing, permit the operation of snow or recreation vehicles on public ways.
133
An owner who transfers ownership of an OHV must,---------, notify the Director and return the registration certificate with the new owner's name and address.
within 2 days. The new owner must register the vehicle prior to operation. G.L. c. 90B, § 23. Penalty: CMVI $250.
134
All OHV operators ------- old and younger must complete an approved safety course. [Note; A parent or guardian must participate in a course session if the potential operator is under?
18 years. 16 years old.
135
Accident Reporting Requirements OHV: If a person is killed, injured, or property damage exceeds $ --------- , individuals involved in the accident must ----------- any law enforcement officer and submit a report within how many hours to the Environmental Police?
$50. immediately notify and submit report to Environmental Police within 48 hours
136
Carrying a rifle or shotgun in an OHV or an attached trailer/sled is improper unless it is unloaded and fully encased. With two exceptions:(2)
1. Law enforcement officers or2. paraplegics
137
When approaching a skier, snowshoer, hiker or other foot traveler or a horseback rider, the operator shall immediately: (4)
1. Slow his vehicle to a minimum safe operating speed;2. Give this person the right of way;3. Not pass until it can be accomplished safely, and4. Not accelerate the vehicle until at least 50 feet from the person.
138
No person shall operate a snow vehicle on any public land unless it is covered by a minimum average depth of-------inches of packed snow.
4 inches
139
OHV Operation: No operation within -------- feet of an occupied residence without permission from the owner, his agent or lessee.
within 150 feet except:* In an emergency; or* When directly departing or returning to the residence; or* When operating with permission.
140
What is typically the best evidence of OUI at trial?
The defendant's actual operation
141
What are the five mandated requirements of sobriety checkpoints?
1. Location selected for checkpoint must be based on reliable crash and/or OUI arrest data2. No arbitrary or random stops3. Protect public safety at checkpoint4. Minimize public inconvenience5. Operate checkpoint with strict conformity to a written plan devised by supervisors\*Public notice before is recommended but not required
142
There are 5 mandated requirements for sobriety checkpoints. There is a 6th recommendation that is not a requirement. What is it?
Public notice prior to checkpoint. (Press release)
143
Officers at checkpoint screening area refer motorists to secondary screening area based on ------------.
Reasonable Suspicion.
144
True or False: Miranda Warnings are not required for roadside questioning during OUI traffic stops.
True
145
What are the three elements that equal probable cause for arrest for OUI?
1. Odor of alcoholic beverage2. Slurred speech3. Glassy eyes
146
What is the minimum standard needed to administer Standard Field Sobriety Testing?
Reasonable Suspicion
147
NHTSA (National Highway and Traffic Safety Administration) has identified 3 tests for sobriety screening. What are they?
1. Horizontal gaze nystagmus (Scientific data so Expert testimony required in Massachusetts!)2. Walk and turn3. One-leg stand
148
Every OUI Alcohol arrest has the right to 3 things:
1. To be examined by a physician (263.5A rights form)2. To use the telephone3. To be considered for bail
149
Mass General Law Chapter 276 section 33A requires that police allow arrestee to use telephone within --------hour(s) of arrival at police station.
Within 1 hour of arrival at police station.
150
What is the "implied consent" law regarding OUI arrests?
All motorists are deemed to have consented to testing their breath or blood for alcohol content. This law justifies suspending a driver's license upon a refusal or failed test
151
If an OUI arrest refuses to consent to a breath test how long can their vehicle be impounded?
12 hours.
152
There is a 15 minute waiting period before administering the breath test for OUI arrests. What is the purpose of this 15 minute period?
The purpose is to watch the arrestee and make sure they do not put anything in their mouth or cough up saliva before given breath test.
153
A breath test must be taken within how many hours of operation to be valid under the OUI per se law?
Within 3 hours of operation.
154
If a person, 21 years or older, refuses the breath test for first offense OUI, how long will their license be suspended?
180 days.
155
If a commercial operator is arrested for OUI how long is an OSO (Out of Service Order) in effect?
24 hours.
156
ALL VEHICLES MUST STOP FOR A SCHOOL BUS WITH FLASHING RED LIGHTS and not proceed until flashing lights are deactivated, with two exceptions:
(1) a police officer signals an operator to proceed; or(2) cars are approaching from the opposite direction on a divided highway.
157
How far must you stay behind a school bus?
100 feet.This must be posted on the back of the school bus so it is legible for 100 feet also.
158
What type class of license required to operate a school bus with 15 or more passengers?
Class C driver's license.
159
In an emergency, G.L. c. 90, § 7B permits the use of regularly licensed drivers that are 18 and over to operate buses for how many consecutive days.
3 consecutive days.
160
School bus CARRYING CHILDREN cannot EXCEED --------- MPH (except on limited access highway).
40 MPH.
161
True or False? The headlights of a school bus must be Illuminated while children on board?
True. G.L. c. 90, § 7B\* $40
162
Idling of engine on school grounds is prohibited within how many feet of the school?
100 feet - There are exceptions see: 90.16
163
ALL OPERATORS MUST STOP NLT ------ FEET, NMT -------- FEET from the closest track: when approaching flashing red signals;for a lowered RR gate; or for a RR employee waving a red flag.
No less Than 15 FEET. No more than 50 FEET.
164
ALL OPERATORS MUST STOP NLT ------ FEET, NMT------FEET from the closest track: when approaching flashing red signals;for a lowered RR gate; or for a RR employee waving a red flag. School bus driver must also:
No less Than 15 FEET. No more than 50 FEET. open service door.
165
Operators must slow and not pass within-------- feet of a street railway stopped to allow passengers to exit or board, unless directed by officer or if passengers are protected by safety zones.
8 feet.
166
What is the maximum operating speed of a Low Speed Vehicle (LSV)?
Maximum operating speed of 30 mph. Speeding in this vehicle is anything over 25. Do not confuse with LUV vehicle which is 40.
167
What is the maximum operating speed of a Limited Use Vehicle(LUV)?
Operating speed between 30 and 40 mph. speeding in this vehicle is anything over 40.
168
What are the hours of operation for both Low Speed and Limited Use Vehicles?
No limitations. Both require license or permit, title, reg. insurance and inspection.
169
Which vehicle, Low Speed or Limited Use Vehicle, must display the "slow triangle" symbol ?
Low Speed Vehicle.
170
FAIL to YIELD, SLOW or STOP for PEDESTRIAN in CROSSWALK. A motorist must yield, slow or stop his vehicle for a pedestrian in a crosswalk who is: (2)
1. On the same half of the way as the vehicle; or2. Approaching from the opposite half of the way and is within 10 feet of the vehicle's lane
171
No person may solicit any contribution or subscription or sell any merchandise, except ----------- , or sell any ticket to any game, entertainment or public gathering, by signaling a moving vehicle on any public way or causing it to stop, or accosting any occupant of a stopped vehicle.
Newspapers. Exception if the Chief of Police issues a permit to non-profit organizations.
172
Failure to Attach Bells to Sleigh G.L. c. 89, §3-No person shall travel on a way with a sleigh or sled drawn by a horse, unless there are at least------- bells attached to some part of the harness."
Three bells. $40 fine.
173
The Safe Transportation of animals. No person shall transport an animal in a space intended for a load. Except: (5)
1. Enclosed space.2. The vehicle has 46" side and tail racks.3. Animal cross-tethered.4. protected by a secure container.5. Otherwise protected.
174
When a violator is issued a citation how long does he/she have to pay the assessment or request a hearing?
Within 20 days.
175
What is the Burden of Proof Standard for a civil citation hearing?
Preponderance of evidence is a civil standard.
176
Marine Accident Reporting: If death, the disappearance of a person, any injury — report w/ in -----------hrs?
48 hrs.
177
Marine Accident Reporting: If at least $500 damage — report w/in:
5 days.
178
Any person under ---------- on any vessel must wear a flotation device.
Under 12.
179
No one under what age may operate a Personal Watercraft?
No one under 16 may operate. If 16 or 17, need safety certificate.
180
Scuba divers • Boat operator may only go 3 mph w/in how many feet of flag and exercise caution?
w/in 100'.
181
Motorboats shall not be operated:• Within ---------- feet of shoreline which is being used as a swimming area, whether public or private?
Within 150 feet.
182
JET SKI, SURF JET OR WETBIKE OPERATION G.L. c. 90B, § 9A: What are the hours of prohibited operation:
Between sunset and sunrise.
183
Whenever death or serious injury has or may result from a boating accident a written report shall be submitted to the Director within ---------hours. For every other reportable boating accident, a written report shall be submitted within --------- days.
48 hours. five days.
184
Registration requirements. All unmanned aircraft (UA) weighing more than 0.55 lbs (including payloads such as on-board cameras) must be:
Registered with the FAA.
185
Registration requirements. All unmanned aircraft (UA) If the owner is less than --------- years of age, a person -------- years of age or older must register the drone.
13 years. 13 years.
186
Recreational use owners only have to register once every ----------- and may use the same identification number for all of their drones.
three years.
187
Aircraft accident: A written report shall be made within ----------days of every accident, or forced or emergency landing involving a civil aircraft, and every accident involving an aircraft registered with the Division without regard to where the accident occurs.
7 days.
188
A motorist is subject to having his/her vehicle forfeited after their ----------conviction for OUI.
4th conviction will result in vehicle forfeiture. \*\*No time limit between convictions\*\*
189
What are the two felony offenses regarding violations of the Ignition Interlock Device statute?
Driving on a public way without an interlock device when required by law (felony).Tampering or interfering with device with intent to disable (felony).
190
What are the two misdemeanor offenses regarding violations of the Ignition Interlock Device statute?
Knowingly breathing into interlock device for another person(complaint).Knowingly permitting an interlock device restricted operator to operate your vehicle without device (complaint).
191
It is a crime to possess or transport alcohol under 21 years old. What is the exception to this rule?
Employees, between 18 and 21, transporting alcohol during the course of their duties.
192
A Driver involved in a motor vehicle accident must file a report within 5 days if: (3)
1. Person is injured.2. Person is killed.3. Damage to property or vehicle exceeds $1000.
193
What are the maximum quantities of alcohol that can be transported at one time? (3)
1. 20 gallons malt beverages ( 7 30 pack cases).2. 3 gallons alcoholic beverages.3. 1 gallon alcohol.Exception-transporting your own homemade alcohol to new home is unlimted.
194
Bicyclist must notify the police if a collision results in personal Injury or damage to property over --------.
Damage to property over $100.
195
True or False: Police are required to investigate any accident where a person is killed or injured but have the option to investigate any other accident.
True.
196
If a person is killed or injured or damage to property of a vehicle exceeds $1,000, police must file a report within------- days.
15 days (90.29)Citizens have 5 days (90.26)
197
What are the five elements of Leaving Scene of an Accident:(5)
1. Operation.2. Public way.3. KNOWINGLY.4. Collided with a person or property and caused injury death or damage to property.5. and failed to stop and give name address and plate number.property damage-citation and complaint.personal injury-warrantless arrest in presence .
198
5 ways one can be found guilty of Larceny of a motor vehicle:(5)
1. The defendant stole a motor vehicle, or2. The defendant injured or destroyed a motor vehicle belonging to another person, and did so with malice, or3. The defendant bought, received, possessed, concealed, obtained control of a stolen motor vehicle with knowledge or reason to have knowledge that it was stolen, or4. The defendant intentionally took a motor vehicle without authority of the owner and stole from it one or more of its parts or accessories, or5. The defendant concealed a person who had a stolen motor vehicle, while knowing that the person had done so.
199
Which of the 5 prongs of larceny of a motor vehicle has proven to be the most useful?*
Possession of a stolen vehicle. Proving theft is tough but proving possession and knowing it was stolen is easiest.*2023 LED MV Reference Manual
200
True or False: The crime of carjacking is only committed when the offender actually takes possession of the vehicle.
False, It does not matter whether the offender takes the vehicle as long as his Intent was to steal it.
201
True or False: Regarding vehicle repossession, the creditor must notify the police department of the city or town where the repo occurred within one hour.
True.
202
Regarding repossession, when must the creditor return the plates to the owner of the repossessed vehicle?
The next day.
203
If an officer observes a vehicle involved in disposing more than -------cubic feet, then the officer may seize the vehicle until: (1) the fine is paid; (2) the trash is properly disposed; and (3) towing and storage fees are paid. If the vehicle owner does not pay within 30 days, the vehicle may be sold after an additional 30 days following notice by certified mail.
More than 7 cubic feet of trash.
204
If an officer finds someone littering and that person refuses to give their name and address, what is the officer's strongest action?
Warrantless arrest Chapter 270 section 16A.
205
Bicycles must stop at crosswalks and cross when safe to do so. Motor vehicles have right of way. When a bicyclist fails to stop at the crosswalk what does the book recommend as the best enforcement option for police in this situation?
Verbally warn bicyclist and educate.
206
Chapter 8 section 11E directs officers to use motor vehicle citations to cite bicyclists for violations. When officers fill out citation they should: (3)
1. Indicate on ticket that it is a bicyclist (this is a defense).2. Understand bicycle offense do not affect driver's license or vehicle insurance.3. Provide proper service of citation-Under 16 the child's parent or guardian gets ticket.
207
What is the only reason to arrest someone who has committed a bicycle infraction?
Failure to provide or gives false name and address.
208
How many days can police impound a minor's bicycle?
Up to 15 days
209
No child under--------years old may be carried on a bicycle.
1 year old.
210
A child must be in a baby seat on a bicycle if they are between the ages of ------ and ------ or weigh-----or less.
Between 1 and 4 years old or weight 40 pounds or less.
211
A helmet is required for anyone operating a bicycle------years old and under.
16 years old and under.
212
The law states that a violation of the helmet law carries no fine. Why did the state do that?
To encourage that minor and their parents to go out and purchase a helmet.
213
According to the MVRF, what is the easiest way to prove that the defendant had no right to the vehicle in order to charge the crime of larceny of a motor vehicle?
The vehicle owner's testimony
214
According to the MVRF, every OUI arrestee has three basic rights they are:
1. The right to be examined by a physician;2. The right to use the telephone3. The right to bail
215
According to the MVRF, there are three exceptions for someone under 18 to utilize their cellular phone. These include using their cell phone for the following reasons: Emergency use of cell phone to report a disabled vehicle or accident, to summons medical attention, and to------------.
Request police and emergency services
216
According to the MVRF, what is the likely outcome of the officer's case based on the following scenario: officers respond to a highway rest area where a male is fighting with his wife over the car keys. Neither person was witnessed by the officer actually operating at that moment. The male was intoxicated and admitted to officers that he drove before the altercation. He was arrested for OUI.
Dismissed, because an admission from the suspect is insufficient when there is more than one possible driver
217
According to the MVRF, The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) identifies 3 phases in the detection of impaired drivers, these are:
The suspect's driving behavior; suspect's physical and mental characteristics during police contact, and the suspect's performance on sobriety tests
218
According to the MVRF, what is the most underutilized strategy used by officers regarding the issuing of a citation according to the author?
Writing a mini police report on the back of the citation
219
According to the MVRF, What is your strongest action for stopping someone on a bicycle and discovering that they are OUI?
Issue a $20 citation
220
According to the MVRF, except for good cause, the Breathalyzer should be performed within how many hours of the arrest?
Within 3 hours of operation
221
According to the MVRF and G.L. c. 266, § 120, If a non-student or unauthorized person gets on a school bus your strongest action would be to?
Warrantless arrest in presence
222
True or False: A moped is a "motorized bicycle" rather than a "motor vehicle" and therefore a defendant who was riding a moped with a suspended license can not be convicted under Chapter 90.23, although he could be in violation of 90.1B
True
223
What are the three (3) elements necessary to prove the offense of Receiving a motor vehicle?
1. The motor vehicle was stolen2. Defendant received the motor vehicle3. The defendant knew that the motor vehicle was stolen
224
M.G.L. Chapter 89 Section 4DIt is a civil motor vehicle infraction to stand, park or block any Bicycle lane with your motor vehicle.What is the scheduled assessment for this offense?
$50 civil infraction (CMVI)No insurance surchargePlus $5 Public Safety Surcharge (Ch 89 Offense)
225
An officer has discretion, at the time of the violation, to decide whether to issue a warning or to seek the imposition of a penalty. Of the following four factors which professional officers consider in arriving at their decision, which is the most important?* Type of Driving behavior* The Driver's History* The Driver's Reaction to the Violation* The Driver's Socioeconomic Situation
Type of Driving behavior - Most Important
226
An operator of a state-owned park and ride facility can have a vehicle removed from the facility if it has been left unattended for how many days?
21 days
227
An important FAA safety guideline in reference to drones is that they are flown below _____ feet.
Below 400 feet
228
A "Fly for fun" model aircraft must be registered if it weighs over \_\_\_\_\_lbs.
Over .55lbs
229
A drone must not be flown within \_\_\_\_\_miles of an airport without prior notification to air traffic control at that facility.
Within 5 miles
230
All UAS (unmanned aircraft system) weighing more than \_\_\_\_\_lbs must be registered with the FAA.
More than .55lbs
231
A "Fly for fun" model drone that weighs more than .55lbs must be registered with the FAA every \_\_\_\_years.
Every 3 years
232
According to the MVLM, the recommended policy for Police use of drones are the following: (6)
1. Search and rescue for lost, missing or endangered persons2. Photograph and video documentation3. Motor vehicle crash investigations/crime scene mapping4. Tactical response missions (hostages, barricaded suspects)5. Fire services support6. Homeland Security and other special events
233
Approval of Police use of drones during missions must come from: (2)
1. Special Operations Commander or designee2. Commander on scene during incident
234
If a criminal vehicle offense is committed, **the prosecution must commence** for that criminal offense within the 6 year time limit (Statute of Limitations.)Which of the following, if occurring within the 6 year time limit from when the offense first occurred, is considered to have **commenced the prosecution**?When the violator is issued the citation?When the court issues the criminal complaint?
When the Court issues the Criminal ComplaintExplanation: If a suspect committs a hit and run on 1//5/2010 the clock starts on the 6 year statute of limitations on that day. Which means, a prosecution will have to start within the 6 year time limit which ends on 1/5/2016 (6 years later.)In Comm. v. Valchuis the court stated that a citation, if issued before the end of the statute of limitations, **would not** be enough to satisfy that a prosecution had commenced. Therefore, the clock would still be running out on the 6 year statute of limitations. Only when the court **issues the complaint**, as a result of the criminal citation, will the prosecution have been commenced and the clock stopped.
235
How long does a Department have to mail the citation copies to the registry for a civil motor vehicle infraction or risk the citation being dismissed?
6 business days
236
For criminal citations, how long does the violator have to request a show cause hearing before a clerk magistrate?
Within 4 days
237
In order for a vehicle to be defined as abandoned according to c.90-22C, it must be left standing on a public way or on any property without the permission of the owner for how long?
More than 72 hours
238
What is the strongest action for when you catch a sex offender engaging in ice cream truck vending?
Misdemeanor arrest in past based on Probable Cause
239
The MVRM states that there are only two legal ways to deal with an improperly issued citation: (2)
1. Void the Citation because it was improperly issued, spoiled or mutilated.2. Suggest that the citizen request a hearing and communicate with the magistrate
240
According to M.G.L. Chapter 90 Section 24B, a suspect must not make, steal, forge or counterfeit a driver's license, learner's permit or Massachusetts ID card with the intent to distribute them. When does this crime become a felony?
When more than 5 documents are createdThe key factor is the intent to distribute. Remember, the possession of this fraudulent document is a Felony, but when you intend to distribute the document it only becomes a felony when more than 5 documents are involved
241
What does an officer need in order to administer field sobriety tests for OUI Alcohol and drug cases?
Reasonable suspicion(OUI Marijuana they are not called field sobriety but rather roadside assessments)
242
Cities and towns require that public and private parking lots have handicapped spaces. What should officers do when they find a vehicle in a private lot, parked in a handicap spot with no plate or placard?
Issue a parking tag.Private property owners have no authority to allow non-handicapped use of these spaces.
243
Hands-Free Mobile Devices 18 and OlderAn operator of a motor vehicle may not read or view text, images, or video displayed on a mobile electronic device. What are the exceptions? (6)
1. **One Touch -** one touch is permitted to activate the hands-free mode2. An operator may view a map generated by a **navigation system** or application on a mobile electronic device that is **mounted on or affixed** to a vehicle’s windshield, dashboard or center console in a manner that **does not impede the operation of the motor vehicle**3. **Emergency** - Request for emergency services or reporting of crash or disabled M/V4. **Public Safety Personnel** engaged in their duty5. **Parked or off Road** - vehicle must be stationary and parked on part of public way not intended for M/V or bicycle travel.6. **CB Radio -** excluded from the definition of mobile phone so drivers may hold a CB radio to communicate.
244
Hands-free use of mobile devicesWhen is a driver not considered to be operating a motor vehicle in reference to this new law? 90.13B
When the vehicle is stationary AND not located on a public way where motor vehicles or bicycles travel## Footnote[90.13B](https://malegislature.gov/laws/generallaws/parti/titlexiv/chapter90/section13b)
245
Hands-free use of mobile phonesThe new law permits the use of electronic devices in response to an emergency. The bill designates the following as a qualified emergency: (2)
1. Police, fire or other emergency services are needed for the personal safety of the operator, passenger or to ensure the safety of the public2. Reporting of a crash or disabled vehicle
246
With legal and medical marijuana available in Massachusetts, police must be vigilant forImpaired drivers. While the odor of marijuana is not probable cause to search, it usually provides a reasonable suspicion that the driver is?
OUI
247
In OUl marijuana cases, SFSTs are admissible at trial as?
"Roadside assessments" of the officer.
248
In OUl marijuana cases, Police officers may not testify to the administration and results of SFSTs as they doin alcohol prosecutions, but they may testify to?
Their observations as "roadside assessments."
249
In an OUI Drugs case, the officer may not offer an opinion that a person is "high." why?
Because the effects of marijuana may vary greatly from one individual to another, and those effects are not commonly known**only persons qualified as an expert** may offer their opinion as to whether a driver was under the influence of marijuana
250
With reasonable cooperation, every OUl arrestee has three rights: (3)
1. Independent examination. Under263, § 5A2. The arrestee has the right to use the phone **within 1 hour of arrival at the station**3. arrestees should receive a **ball hearing within 6 hours**
251
According to MGL Chapter 90 Section 24I, what is your strongest action for someone who has an open container of alcohol in their vehicle on a public way?
CMVI $505
252
When an officer's bias played a role in a traffic stop, the SJC has developed a two-step process to deal with these bias allegations. Step 1 is the defense attorney must raise a _____ that bias played a role in the stop. Step 2, the prosecutor must be able to rebut that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, otherwise evidence discovered during the stop will be suppressed.
Reasonable Inference
253
An operator with a Learner's Permit must be in possession of the permit while driving. What is your strongest action if the LPO fails to have the permit while operating a motor vehicle?
Arrest in presence
254
True or False:When a motor vehicle operator is arrested for OUI alcohol and refuses to consent to a blood draw at the hospital, the police may apply for a search warrant to gather blood evidence.
FalseComm v. Bohigian, 486 Mass. 209 (2020)
255
According to MGL 89.7D, a person, who is involved in a motor vehicle crash on a public way that resulted in property damage only, and fails to move the vehicle to a safe area out of the travel lane; when the vehicle could be operated without further damage or injury to any person, will be subject to:
A CMVI $105
256
Police bias will invalidate a traffic stop for a civil infraction. Comm. V. Long established a 2-step procedure to deal with allegations of police bias. What are the two steps?
Step 1: The defendant must raise a reasonable inference that bias played a role in the stop (through a written motion in Court)Step 2: The burden then weighs on the police prosecutor to rebut the reasonable inference
257
Public way is proven when the officer can show the suspect operated in one of three places:
1. On a public way2. In a place to which the public has a right of access3. In a place to which members of the public have access as invitees or licensees
258
According to the MVRM, what is the definition of "pursuit"?
Pursuit occurs once your speed exceeds the legal limit, or you drive contrary to traffic signs and signals, in order to follow a vehicle with intent to engage its driver or passengers in any form of police activity
259
Foreign operators are considered unlicensed if they fail to comply with any of the following conditions:
1. At least 18 years old2. A resident of a country approved by the RMV3. In possession of his license or with it an easily accessible place in the vehicle4. Complying with his license classification or any other restrictions5. In possession of an International Driver's Permit (IDP) or an acceptable alternative translation document if the foreign license is not written in English
260
How long can a resident operate a vehicle that is registered in another state?
No more than 30 days
261
True or false:A driver of a TNC (Transportation Network Company like Uber) must affix a decal to the front and rear windshield identifying the TNC
True
262
According to the MV Reference Manual, what is considered best practice when citing someone for a specific equipment violation?
Take photographs of the defective equipment and the vehicle for Court
263
Under MGL 89.4a there are 3 types of lane violations. What are they?
1. Failure to drive entirely in lane2. Failure to follow lane instructions3. An unsafe lane change
264
To prove OUI Drugs, there are several ways to prove drug causation and that drugs are related to the OUI offense. What are they? (4)
1. Judge relies on an authoritative source like Physician's Desk Reference2. The defendant stipulates before trial that the substance falls within the statute as a drug3. Expert testimony from Drug Recognition Expert (DRE), medical clinician, or pharmacist4. The defendant admits to consuming drugs such as "heroin" or "cocaine" as identified under 94C
265
Effective July 1st, 2023, undocumented foreign citizens who live in Massachusetts can get a driver's license. They must prove they live in MA and: (3)
1. A valid and unexpired foreign passport or consular ID2. A valid and unexpired license from a US state or territory, a foreign driver's license, certified birth certificate, foreign national ID, marriage certificate or divorce decree from a US state, and photo ID3. If in foreign language then must be accompanied by an English translation
266
MGL 266.148A person licensed to purchase junk or run automobile graveyard;Purchased or accepted without gathering proof and maintaining records;A catalytic converter.Penalty:
$100 per converter purchased or accepted*Issue a city/town ordinance ticket
267
MGL 90.14It is considered safe to pass a vulnerable user (bicycle) when the vehicle is at least ___ feet away from cyclist.
4 feet
268
True or False:E-Bikes do not need to be registered and they do not qualify as mopeds or scooters.
True
PD stuff
flashcards
Decks in class (4)
# Cards
