MCD > NAGE > Flashcards

NAGE Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

What is the difference between a nucleotide and nucleoside.

A

pg 5

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2
Q

Recall the structured of the two main pentode sugars involved in nucleotides and how they bind to the different components of the nucleotide. Recall the differences in structure of ribose and deoxyribose nucleotides.

A

pg 5

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3
Q

What is the general name given to the different groups of nucleotide bases you can get, and how do you differentiate between them. Within these groups how do you differentiate between the different types of bases

A

pg 5

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4
Q

Describe the structure of DNA.

A

pg 6

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5
Q

Describe the Methods of separating and annealing strands:

A

pg 6

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6
Q

Give the details of the packaging of eukaryotic DNA

A

pg 6

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7
Q

Describe the process of DNA replication

A

(pg 113 ibook), pg 7

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8
Q

Give the details of the joining of okazaki fragments in DNA replication

A

pg 8

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9
Q

3)Describe the difference between the replication origins of eukaryotes and E coli(pg 115)

A

ipg 115 ibook, pg 9 l

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10
Q

4)What is the difference between a replication origin and replication forks , describe their relationship in eukaryotes and E coli.

A

pg 115 ibook, pg 9

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11
Q

Other than adding dNTPs to the 3’ end what is the other role of DNA polymerase

A

pg 9

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12
Q

Summarise the cell cycle

A

pg 9

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13
Q
  1. Describe the basic differences between DNA and RNA
A

pg 11

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14
Q

Explain the relationship between DNA and Genes, and describe the function of genes

A

pg 11

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15
Q

Summarise the details of the human Genome

A

pg 11

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16
Q

Describe Gene Expression in eukaryotic organisms

A

pg 11

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17
Q
  1. Define “Transcription” and summarise the process including some detail on the type of proteins and/or sequences involved
A

pg 12

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18
Q
  1. List the major functional classes of RNA and the classes of RNA polymerases involved in synthesising each of these.
A

pg 12

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19
Q
  1. Describe what is meant by a “gene promoter”
A

pg 12

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20
Q
  1. Describe what is meant by a “Transcription factor”
A

pg 12

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21
Q

What is the relationship between the transciption complex and RNA polymerase II

A

pg 13

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22
Q

Why is it referred to as a basal transcription complex

A

pg 13

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23
Q

What is the main method used by transcription factors in their function

A

pg 13

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24
Q
  1. Describe, with the aid of diagrams, the processes involved in transcribing a eukaryotic gene.
A

pg 13

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25
_Explain two methods through which transcription factors wor_
pg 14
26
_Recall Factors affecting Transcription Factor Expression_
pg 14
27
_Describe Gene Regulation in Human Disease_
pg 14
28
1. **_Distinguish “sense” and “anti-sense” DNA template strands._**
pg 15
29
**_What is RNA Processing?_**
pg 15
30
Describe the Anatomy of a Gene
pg 15
31
Describe the Sequence of events in mRNA splicing
pg 16
32
**_Describe the Post-transcriptional modification of the gene after splicing_**
pg 18
33
**_Give an Example of a type of mutation in splice sites featuring in ahuman disease_**
pg 19
34
Explain the C-value paradox
35
_What did ENCODE show_
pg 20
36
**_Describe what non-coding RNAs are and give the details of examples of such._**
pg 20
37
_Compare siRNAs with miRNAs_
pg 21
38
**_Describe how Antisense RNA can be used as a tool to block mRNA function_**
pg 23
39
Give the details of what takes place in RNA interference
pg 23
40
_Describe the importance of DICER_
pg 24
41
**_Explain why siRNAs are suitable to be used as therapies for genes we do not want to be expressed_**
pg 24
42
## Footnote **_Describe the experimental evidence for the function of Micro RNAs_**
pg 25
43
**_Give the details of miRNA Transcription and Processing_**
pg 25
44
**_How can miRNA be used in bioinformatics_**
pg 26
45
**Recall details of how problems with Micro RNAs can lead to Human Disease**
pg 26
46
**_Recall the Structure of a typical mRNA_**
pg 27
47
_Give some details of the degenerate nature of the genetic code, include examples of the extremes in your answer_
pg 27
48
**_Describe how MRNA is read_**
pg 28
49
**_Describe the action of Transfer RNA_**
pg 28
50
Describe the Mechanism by which Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetases work
pg 28
51
Summarise the initiation step of translation
pg 28
52
Describe and explain the details of the initiation step of translation
pg 28
53
**_Summarise the elongation step of translation_**
pg 30
54
**_2)Describe and explain the details of the elongation step of translation_**
pg 30
55
**_1)Summarise the termination step of translation_**
pg 31
56
**_2)Describe and explain the details of the termination step of translation_**
pg 31
57
_Describe and explain the whole process of translation_
pg 29-32
58
_Describe how efficiency is improved in translation_
pg 33
59
## Footnote **_Explain the relationship between Antibiotics and Protein Synthesis_**
pg 33
60
_Give examples of antibiotic and state their mechanisms_
pg 33
61
_Describe the features of the signal sequences_
pg 33
62
## Footnote **_Describe the process of Protein Synthesis on rER_**
pg 34
63
**_Name examples of post-translational modification, and explain a quality that it increases_**
pg 36
64
escribe an EXAMPLE of Post-Translational Modification - INSULIN
pg 36
65
**_Give an exemplification of the Importance of Analysing Nucleic Acids_**
pg 37
66
**_1)Describe the process of cell based DNA Cloning_**
pg 37
67
_2) Describe the function of restriction endonucleases_
pg 37
68
**_Describe the process for the separation of DNA fragments_**
pg 37
69
_1)Summarise what takes place in nucleic acid hybridisation_
pg 38
70
_IN the context of other parts of nucleic acid analysis, describe what takes place in hybridisation_
pg 38
71
Give examples of various hybridisation techniques and the type of nucleic acids they include
pg 39
72
## Footnote **_Explain examples of the uses of hybridisation(not sure of this part)_**
pg 39
73
Exaplain Melting Temperature and Hybridisation Stringency, and the factors that affect it
pg 40
74
**_escribe how the process of Polymerase Chain Reaction is carried out_**
pg 41
75
**_Describe the PCR Primer Design_**
pg 41
76
Describe Applications of PCR
pg 41
77
**_Describe what a DNA (Oligonucleotide) Microarrays is_**
pg 41
78
_Give EXAMPLES of Microarray Applications_:
pg 42
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