Goffman
Total Institutions
Battie
Treatise of Madness. Promoted THERAPEUTIC OPTIMISIM and divided madness into ORIGINAL and CONSEQUENTIAL (organic and functional).
Bion
Group Dynamics e.g. group mentality
Basic Assumptions: Abandonment of working group culture to guarding from Fight/Flight, Dependency and Pairing.
Winnicott
Good enough mother and object relations (also Klein)
Foulkes
Group Matrix: Unconscious network of interactions. Group Psychoanalysis
Klein
Object Relations Theory:
Child’s relationship with the object (mother’s breast) is prototype for future interpersonal relationships. Need for relationships is prime motivation for behaviour/personality development.
Paranoid-Schizoid Position (part-objects) / Depressive Position (whole people). Oscillating.
Splitting/Projection/Introjection as ways of managing anxiety during paranoid schizoid.
Jung
Collective Unconscious. Analytical theory.
Erikson
8 stages Psychosocial Stages of Development Infancy - trust Early childhood - autonomy Pre-school - Initiative School age - Industry Adolescent - Identity Young adult - Intimacy Middle age - generativity Old age - Ego integrity.
Marcia
Identity Development
Irving Janis
Group Think
Hecker
Hebephrenia and Cyclothymia
Kuhn
Imipramine - originally developed as an antipsychotic not a TCA.
Karen Horney
Self within interpersonal relations
Bowlby
Attachment theory.
Anna Freud
Ego and its defences.
Durkheim
Suicide as a social fact with variations egotistic, altruistic and anomic.
Piaget
Theory of Cognitive Development:
Sensorimotor - <2 years (eventually achieving object permanence)
Pre-operational 2-7 (still egotistical)
Concrete 7-11 (understands conservation)
Formal operational >11 (Thinks abstractly)
Kohlberg
Stages of moral reasoning
Preconventional: Step 1 to avoid punishment, Step 2 to get rewards. Conventional: Step 3 to avoid disapproval, Step 4 to avoid authoritatian censure. Post-conventional: Steph 5 Emphasis on individual rights, Step 6 Principles of conscience.
Lorenz
Imprinting
Yerkes-Dodson
Arousal - Performance
Maslow
Hierarchy of Needs. First - physiological. Second - Safety. Third - Love/Belonging. Fourth - Esteem. Fifth - Self-actualisation.
Kelly
Personal Constructs - for understanding the world
Bleuler
Proposed the name schizophrenia. 4 As - affect, autism, ambivalence and associations.
James-Lange
Bodily sensations occur simultaneously with emotions
