NBME 33 incorrects

Question 1

Epinephrine and adrenaline

Answer 1

Bind to Alpha 1 and B 1 receptors
this causes the heart rate and BP to rise
Alpha 1 is on all organs
B1 is on cardiac and JG cells these are both stimulatory

Question 2

Anaphylaxis

Answer 2

Type I hypersensitivity
IgE-mediated cross-linking on mast cells and basophils
Release of histamine, tryptase, leukotrienes, prostaglandins
Leads to:
Vasodilation → hypotension
↑ vascular permeability → edema
Bronchoconstriction
Mucus secretion

Question 3

MEAN, MEDIAN, MODE

Answer 3

Mean is all the numbers added divided by the total number participating
Median is the middle value
Mode is the most frequently occurring value,
Range is the highest - lowest value

Question 4

Median

Answer 4

Best measure of central tendency for skewed data

Question 5

Kallmann syndrome

Answer 5

Hypogonadotrophic Hypogonadism, KAL1 mutations
Failure to complete puberty,
Defective migration of GnRH producing neurons
subsequent failure of olfactory bulbs to develop
Reduced GnRH, FSH and GH testosterone
low sperm count and amenorrhea

Question 6

Estrogen

Answer 6

Reduces the BP since it relaxes the vascular smooth muscles

Question 7

Relative Risk Reduction

Answer 7

RRR=1-RR

Question 8

Relative Risk

Answer 8

Risk in treatment group/ Risk in control group
Cohort

Question 9

Odds ratio

Answer 9

Case control
= Diseased / Not diseased
Retrospective study, see what exposures they have had

Question 10

Cohort

Answer 10

Exposed and Not exposed
Prospective study follow them in the future and see if they develop a disease or not

Question 11

Randomization

Answer 11

Eliminates section bias
Distributes known and unknown confounder equally

Question 12

Matching

Answer 12

Similar baseline characteristics
Controls confounders

Question 13

Blinding

Answer 13

performance and observer bias

Question 14

Wilsons disease

Answer 14

ATP7B protein chromosome 13 Autosomal recessive
Hepatic Problems- Cirrhosis
Neurologic problems- Concentration, Coordination, Dysarthria and Dystonia
Psychiatric problems
Copper deposition in Basal Ganglia causes- Parkinsons like syndrome
KF rings- in eyes
Hemolytic Anemia, RTA and Osteopenia
Serum ceruloplasmimn
Penicillamine and Trientrene