Neck

Question 1

Where is the most superior vertebral disc?

Answer 1

between C2 and C3

Question 2

How does the SCM split the neck region?

Answer 2

into an anterior cervical triangle and lateral cervical region

Question 3

Torticollis

Answer 3

• spasm/tightening of the SCM
• head side bent w/ contralateral rotation

Question 4

Suprahyoids

Answer 4

• mylohyoid
• digastric (anterior belly, posterior belly)
• stylohyoid
• geniohyoid

Question 5

Infrahyoids

Answer 5

• thyrohyoid
• sternothyroid
• omohyoid
• sternohyoid

Question 6

Function/Action of Hyoid Muscles

Answer 6

move hyoid, tongue, and floor of mouth to swallow

Question 7

Anterior Cervical Triangle

Answer 7

• anterior: median line of neck
• posterior: anterior border of SCM
• superior: inferior border of mandible
• apex: jugular notch of manubrium
• roof: subcutaneous tissue (platysma)
• floor: pharynx, larynx, thyroid gland

Question 8

Regions of Anterior Cervical Triangle

Answer 8

• submandibular (digastric)
• submental
• carotid
• muscular (omotracheal)

Question 9

Carotid Triangle

Answer 9

• superior belly of omohyoid
• posterior belly of digastric
• anterior belly of SCM
• common carotid artery (pulse)
• external carotid artery
• internal jugular vein
• nerves: spinal accessory (CN XI), facial, vagus, hypoglossal (CN XII)
• carotid sinus (baroreceptor) and carotid body (chemoreceptor)

Question 10

Where does the common carotid artery split?

Answer 10

C3/C4

Question 11

Which vertebral level is the hyoid found on?

Answer 11

C3/C4

Question 12

Which vertebral level is the thyroid cartilage found on?

Answer 12

C5/C6

Question 13

Lateral Cervical Triangle

Answer 13

• anterior: posterior border of SCM
• posterior: anterior border of trapezius
• inferior: middle third of clavicle
• apex: where SCM and trapezius meet on superior nuchal line
• roof: deep cervical fascia
• floor: muscles covered by prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia

Question 14

Regions of Lateral Cervical Triangle

Answer 14

• occipital
• omoclavicular (subclavian)
• divided by omohyoid muscle (inferior belly)

Question 15

Lateral Cervical Triangle Contents

Answer 15

spinal accessory nerve (CN XI), external jugular vein, cervical plexus, subclavian artery, brachial plexus, suprascapular vessels, suprascapular nerve

Question 16

Posterior Cervical Region Contents

Answer 16

upper trapezius, levator scapulae, splenius cervicis, omohyoid (inferior belly)

Question 17

Parts of Subclavian Artery

Answer 17

medial, posterior, lateral
- named from position to anterior scalene muscle

Question 18

Nerves in the Neck

Answer 18

spinal accessory nerve, suprascapular nerve, phrenic nerve, brachial plexus

Question 19

Nerves in the Root of the Neck

Answer 19

recurrent laryngeal nerve, phrenic nerve, vagus nerve (CN X)

Question 20

Cervical Plexus

Answer 20

formed by ventral rami of C1-C5
- C1 (suboccipital) = only motor
- C2, C3, C4 = innervate skin on back of head

Question 21

Phrenic Nerve

Answer 21

C3, C4, C5

Question 22

Palsy

Answer 22

• lesions of spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
• may be caused by penetrating trauma, surgical procedures, tumors, cancerous cervical lymph nodes, fractures of jugular foramen, etc.

Question 23

Prevertebral Neck Muscles

Answer 23

rectus capitis anterior
longus capitis
longus colli