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What is a Nematode?
tiny, unsegmented round- worm that lives as a saprophyte in soil water or as an obligate parasite of animals and plants
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What are the different ways that nematodes reproduce?
- Bisexual
- Parthenogenic
- Hermaphroditic
- Multiple mates
- All oviparous
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define Parthenogenic:
They dont have to have sex to reproduce
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define Bisexual:
Takes a male and female to reproduce
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define Hermaphroditic:
- The insect has both make and female parts
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All Nematodes are Oviparous…..what does that mean?
- They all lay eggs
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Nematodes are parametabolous. tre or false?
False
They are ametabolous
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What time of year is the peak population of nematodes?
Fall
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How long does the reproduction cycle take?
30 days from egg to egg
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How many juvenille instars do nematodes go through? Where does the first one take place?
4
in the egg
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Describethe soil conditions that nematodes like
- • Temperature (+40oF)
• Moisture (field capacity)
• Texture (sandy)
• Structure (good 02 exchange)
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If nematodes attack the plant and feeds outside the roots, they’re called ______.
Ectoparasites
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If nematodes attack and feed on the inside of the roots, they’re called ______.
Endoparasites
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What are ways that nematodes affect plants?
Pathogen - cause disease in the absence of other pathogens
Aggravator - forms infection court for other pathogens or breaks down host plant resistance
Vector - carries disease agent from plant to plant
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What kind of damage do nematodes do to plants?
- Gall formation
- Lesion formation
- Inhibition of apical growth
- Reduction in root biomass
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What are some plant symptoms that you might see that are cause by nematode activity?
- • Abnormal growth - stunting
• Abnormal color - chlorosis
• Moisture stress – mid-day wilting - • Irregular patches of poor growth
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When taking soil samples for nematodes, how many plugs do you need?
25
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What are some considerations for cultural management of Nematodes?
- • Careful identification of problem areas
- • Raise the cutting height or skip and roll
- • Increased fertility inputs
- • Hand water hot spots
- • Syringe to reduce heat stress
- • Hang on and renovate
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What some effective (legal) chemical treatments for Sting or Ring nematode control?
- Avid (abamectin)
