nephro

Question 1

ATN

drugs vs contrast

Answer 1

• Constras its instant(PRERENAL lab valued on Na and osmolarity with ATN BUN:creatinite relation)
• —BUN:Cr(

Question 2

ATN

asossiated drugs

Answer 2

vancomycin
aminoglycosides
cisplatin
acyclovir
cyclosporine
amphotericin

Question 3

hepatorenal labs

Answer 3

prerenal azoemia

• BUN/cre(>20:1)
• FeNA500 mOsm/kg

Question 4

contrast induced Lab values

Answer 4

BUN/Cr

Question 5

AIN drugs

Answer 5

Penicillins
Sulfas
phenytoin
PPI
Rifampin
quinolones
allopurinol

Question 6

fever
hematuria
sudden onset of flank pain
NSAID use antecedent

Answer 6

papillary necrosis

Question 7

TTP association

Answer 7

HIV
cancer
cyclosporine
ticlopidine
clopidogrel

Question 8

TTP treatment

Answer 8

plasmapheresis
if not present give FFP
DO NOT GIVE STEROIDS OR PLATELETS

Question 9

psychogenic polydipsia assiation

Answer 9

bipolar disorder

Question 10

SIADH sx Treatment
asymptomatic
confusion:

Answer 10

normal saline + DIURETIC

Question 11

hyperkalemia . best next step?

Answer 11

do EKG
if EKG changes
give
-Ca gluconate
-Ca chloride
-insuline

Question 12

persistent WBC on UA with negative culture…

Answer 12

can be TB

Question 13

useful to detect eosinophils in urine

Answer 13

Wright and Hansel

-the answer for allergic interstitial nephritis

Question 14

Hematuria DDX

Answer 14

• stones
• hematologic disorders
• infection
• cancer
• treatment(cyclophosphmide)
• trauma
• GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

Question 15

dysmorphic red cells

Answer 15

GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

Question 16

hematuria with out infection or trauma

Answer 16

DO a Cystoscopy ( for cancer exclusion)

Question 17

retroperitonela fibrosis

Answer 17

bleomycin,methylsergide or radiation

POSTRENAL AZOEMIA

Question 18

most common cause of intrinsic renal disease

Answer 18

ATN

• NSAID(MOST COMMON)
• aminoglycoside,amphotericin
• cisplatin, cyclosporine.

Question 19

enlargement of the bladder and massive diuresis after foley

Answer 19

specific for urinary obstruction

Question 20

best imagen test for AKI

Answer 20

Renal sonogram

Question 21

Medication for renal failure prophilaxis PRIOR chemotherapy

Answer 21

• Allopurinol
• Rasburicase
• Hydratation

Question 22

rhabdomyolysis

Answer 22

UA positive for blood cells,no cell will be seen on microscopic examination

Question 23

hepatorenal syndrome treatment

Answer 23

midodrine
octreotide
albumin

Question 24

most accurate test in papillary necrosis(pyelonephritis like but negative culture)

Answer 24

CT scan(abnormal internal structures)

Question 25

most common cause of acute glomerulonephritis in USA

Answer 25

Berger Disease

Question 26

nephrotic syndrome in cancer

Answer 26

membranous

Question 27

nephrotic syndrome in injection and AIDS

Answer 27

focal-segmental

Question 28

best initial test for DI

Answer 28

water deprivation test, the most accurate is ADH ADMINISTRATION TEST

Question 29

hyponatremia(hypervolemia,euvolemia,hypovolemia) | with Hypervolemia

Answer 29

Cirrhosis nephrosis CHF

Question 30

hyponaremia with hypovolemia

Answer 30

- pseudohyponatremia(hyperglycemia) - psychogenic polydipsia(12-24 L/day) - hypothyroidism - SIADH

Question 31

for every 100 of glucose above abnormal, there ir a ...... decrease in sodium

Answer 31

1.6

Question 32

mental disease associated with psychogenic polydiosia

Answer 32

bipolar disorder

Question 33

if K does not correct ...

Answer 33

check for hypoMg

Question 34

nephrolithiasis

Answer 34

pass spontaneosly

Question 35

stones7-7mm

Answer 35

nifedipine and tamsolusin

Question 36

stones from 0.5cm to 3

Answer 36

lithotripsy

Question 37

most effective lifestyle modification for hypertension

Answer 37

WEIGHT LOSS

Question 38

best inital therapy for hypertensive crisis

Answer 38

Labetalol or nitroprusside

Question 39

metabolic acidosis with hyperkalemia

Answer 39

RTA 4

Question 40

dysmorphic or RBC cast

Answer 40

glomerular disease

Question 41

alport syndrome most accurate test

Answer 41

SKIN biopsy

Question 42

non anion gap hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

Answer 42

look for a RTA

Question 43

RTA type 1 cause

Answer 43

- amphotericina B - analgesic nephropathy - multiple myeloma - obstruction of the urinary tract

Question 44

RTA type 2 causes

Answer 44

-fanconi syndrome