Nephrology-Values

Question 1

UA: 
pH range? usually?
specific gravity range?
protein nl? range?
RBC normal? pathologic?
WBC normal? pathologic?

Answer 1

4.5-7.9, 5.5-6.5
1.001-1.035
0, 0-4+
0-2, 4

Question 2

UA cont’d:

hyaline casts, granular casts, crystals, renal tubular and/or bladder epithelial cells

Answer 2

normal if few in number

Question 3

BUN?
factors increasing? 4
factors decreasing? 2

Answer 3

• 8-18
• increased protein intake (increases BUN), state of hydration, GI bleeding, CHF (factors of pre renal azotemia)
• decreased protein intake, chronic liver dz

Question 4

creatinine

factors influencing?

Answer 4

0.5-1.4

age, gender, race, meat intake, muscle mass

Question 5

normal GFR
men?
women?

Answer 5

85-125

75-115

Question 6

normal urine osmolality?

range

Answer 6

NONE

50-1200 (depends on hydration)

Question 7

osmolal gap

should be?

Answer 7

measured osmolality - calculated osmolality

less than 10

Question 8

calculated osmolality

Answer 8

Na(2) + glucose/20 + BUN/3