Nervous system Flashcards

Question

What are the functions of the cerebellum?

Answer 1

- Control of balance - Influences of posture and muscle tone - Coordination of movement - Motor learning

Answer 2

- The hypothalamus of the brain is the coordinator of the autonomic nervous system - It consists of sympathetic & parasympathetic systems - It controls all automated responses in the body e.g., heart rate

Answer 3

Known as 'rest & digest'. Control of your heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, urination and sweating, among other functions. Helps to control your body’s response during times of rest. It uses a two-neuron pathway to reach target organs: - 1st order neutron originates in the brainstem or the sacral spinal cord and sends its axon to a ganglion near or within the target organ, it releases ACH at the ganglia. - 2nd order neutron is located in the ganglion and sends its axon to the target tissue.

Answer 4

Known as 'fight or flight' Network of nerves responsible for many functions that you don’t have to think about to control. This can include control of your heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, urination and sweating, among other functions. Signals in the spine activate paravertebral ganglia. Neurotransmitters then release a hormone called neurepinephrine, the release of norepinephrine into the bloodstream and onto target cells activates several physiological changes associated with the fight-or-flight response.

Answer 5

Adrenal glands can produce it in the adrenal medulla.

Answer 6

- Solitary nucleus - Depressor area - Pressor area - Nucleus ambiguous

Answer 7

- Pantine nuclei - Ventral respiratory group - Dorsal respiratory group

Answer 8

- Monitor the internal and external environment - Process this information - Direct behaviour and body processes Has: sensory neuron, interneurons and motor neurons

Answer 9

Neurons are the cells that make up the brain and the nervous system. They are the fundamental units that send and receive signals. They send messages throughout the body to allow you to do everything e.g., breathing, eating etc. Structure of a neuron: - Cell body (soma) - Dendrites - Axon - Axon hillock - Terminal branches

Answer 10

1. They control local concentrations of neurotransmitters 2. Supply nutrients 3. Support/ guide neuronal development 4. Stabilise neuronal networks 5. 'Improve' communication needs 5. Provide immunological defence

Answer 11

Anatomical and functional

Answer 12

- Arachnoid granulations - Lateral ventricles - 3rd ventricle - Choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle - 4th ventricle - Choroid plexus of the 4th ventricle - Central canal of spinal cord

Answer 13

- Input from skin - Input from proprioceptors - Spatial discrimination

Answer 14

- Mapping visual input - Visual recognition

Answer 15

- Pitch, loudness, location - Auditory memory / sound recognition

Answer 16

- Motor cortex somatic - Broca's area - Auditory cortex - Sensory cortex - Visual cortex - Wernicke's area

Answer 17

- Frontal lobe - Temporal lobe - Parietal lobe - Occipital lobe - Cerebellum - Brain stem

Answer 18

The language loop model refers to the neural framework describing how the brain processes and produces language, involving a network of brain regions. Yep components of the language loop model: 1. Broca's area 2. Wernicke's area 3. Visual cortex

Answer 19

Refers to the precise mapping of body parts to specific areas of the brain, where stimulation of cortical points corresponds to the activation of individual muscles.

Answer 20

The somatosensory homunculus is a brain map of your body. It's in the sensory strip of the cortex, where sensory input like heat or pain is received. Each body part sends information to a specific part of this strip.

Answer 21

Prevertebral ganglia and paravertebral ganglia are components of the autonomic nervous system, differing in location and function. Paravertebral ganglia = Near the spine, part of the sympathetic chain. Responsible for innervating structures in the body wall, thoracic organs, and some parts of the head and neck. Prevertebral ganglia = Near major abdominal vessels, innervating internal organs. Responsible for innervating abdominal and pelvic organs

Answer 22

Medulla & cortex. Adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine (80%) and norepinephrine (20%)

Answer 23

Parasympathetic= 'Rest and digest' Sympathetic= 'Fight or flight response'

Answer 24

1. Pressor area 2. Solitary nucleus 3. Nucleus ambiguous 4. Depressor area

Answer 25

1. Pontine nuclei 2. Ventral respiratory group 3. Dorsal respiratory group

Answer 26

Are the main nerves of your parasympathetic nervous system. These functions are involuntary, meaning you can't consciously control them. The input of sensory information comes from: - Lungs - Bladder - Circulatory system - Digestive factors

Answer 27

- Pre-central gyrus - Lateral sulcus - Post-central gyrus - Central sulcus

Answer 28

Two pairs of arteries: 1. Internal carotid 2. Vertebral (branch of subclavian, transverse foramina)

Answer 29

A ring-like arterial structure at the base of the brain that provides critical blood supply to the brain and surrounding structures. It ensures blood flow to the brain even if the main arteries are compromises and helps balance blood pressure across the brains blood supply. The Circle of Willis links the internal carotid arteries (from the anterior circulation) with the vertebrobasilar arteries (from the posterior circulation). Its main components include: 1. Anterior cerebral arteries 2. Anterior communicating artery 3. Internal carotid arteries 4. Posterior cerebral arteries 5. Posterior communicating arteries The circle of willis provides an anastomosis= allow for alternative pathways for the flow of blood, lymph or other body substances ensuring continuity even if pathway is blocked.

Nervous system Flashcards

(53 cards)