Nervous System Flashcards by Bryony Nixon

What is the function of the nervous system?

Communication/comand centre
-Sensory inout
-Intergration of data
-Motor output

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Name the 5 parts of the brain, and location

Frontal Lobe- front, vountary movement, muscles of speech, decision making, creativity, concentration

Parietal Lobe- middle, sitting between the frontal and occipital- sensory processing- pressure, temp and pain

Occipital Lobe- at the back, above the cerebellum, visual information

Temporal Lobe- at the sides, short term memory, emotion, auditory information

Cerebellum- at the back/bottom, closest to brain stem, cooridination and balance, posture

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Name the 5 parts of the spinal cord, numbered

Cerival C1-C7
Thoracic T1-T12
Lumbar L1-L5
Sarcral S1-S5
Coccygeal 3-5 vetebrae

Breakfast, lunch, dinner

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What are the lobes of the brain?

Frontal lobe
Occiptial Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Parietal Lobe

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What part of the brain is effected during a stroke? and which side of the body is affected?

Brocas, in the frontal lobe, the opposing side of the body is affected

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Difference between white and grey matter

Grey matter- butterfly shaped in spinal cord, but surrounds white in brain. Makes up 40% of brain

White matter- surrounds grey matter in spinal cord, but surrounded by white matter in brain. Makes up 60% of the brain

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Motor functions of the cerebellum

Coorindination, balance, motor learning, motor planning, posture

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What are the two parts the brain is divivded into and what is is connected by?

Cerebral hemispheres- divided into left and right
- contralateral control
- connected by the corpus callosum

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Where are cranial nerves located

Underside of the brain, within the brainstem

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What part of the brain is affected by alzheimer’s and MS?

MS- grey and white matter
Alzheimers- grey

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What produces the cerebralspinal fluid and what is the function and location?

Produced by ependymal cells
- shock absorption
- immune function
- nutriution and waste removal
- temp and pressure regulation

Produced in the ventricles of the brain, within a specalized membrane - Choroid plexus.
It circulates around the brain, within the subarachnoid space, then decends to the spinal cord.

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What is the name of the protective membranes of the CNS?

Meninges
Made up of -

Dura mater
Arachnoid
Pia mater

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What is the smallest functional unit of the CNS?

The neuron

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Name the two types of cells in the nervous system

Neurons and glial cells

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Name the cells of the CNS
Name functions

Neurons -receive, process, transmit info, pass signals

Microglia- Innate immunity, via phagocytosis

Astrocytes- act as BBB

Ependymal- producs CSF

Oligodendrocytes- produce myelin sheaths

AN EMO

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Name the cells of the PNS and their functions

Neurons- receive, transmit, process info, pass signals

Sattelite- support other cell bodies

Schwann- produce myeline shealths

SNS

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What is action potential simply?

When a nerve implulse, which is an electrical signal moves along a neuron

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What is the gap between two neurons?

The synapse. Neurotransmitters connect the signal between neurons, it does not jump.

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Sensory neurons vs Motor neurons

Sensory neurons carry signal towards CNS (afferent)
- their cell bodies are located outside the spinal cord, in the dorsal root ganglion

Motor neurons carry signals away from CNS (efferent)
-their cell bodies are located in the ventral horn, inside the spinal cord

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Function of myelin shealth

Insulates neurons and speeds up nerve impulses (action potential)

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Role of afferent and efferent neurons

Afferent neurons- carry sensory info from receptors in skin and other organs to the CNS

Efferent neurons- carry motor info from the brain to the PNS/ or motor neurons (they F off)

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Name the cranial nerves

Olfactory
Optic
Occulomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducent
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal

OOO To Touch And Feel Very Good Vagina And Hymen

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Somatic VS Autonomic divisions

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Both part of PNS

Autonomic - regulates involuntary body responses

Somatic- voluntary movement by skeletal muscle

Parasympathetic VS Sympathetic

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Both part of autonomic nervous system

Parasympathetic- rest & digest
Sympathetic- fight or flight

What are the divisions of the nervous system?

CNS - brain and spinal cord PNS (all nervous outside of brain & spinal cord) -Somatic -Autonomic Autonomic -Sympathetic -Parasympathetic -Enteric

What are 4 motor functions of the cerebullum?

-Coordination of movement -Balance and equilibrium -Posture -Motor learning

What is the cerebrum?

The largest part of the brain, consisting of 4 lobes. Divided into two hemispheres, left and right- connected by corpus callosum. The outer most layer is the cerebral cortex, also know as grey matter

Where are ependymal cells found?

A specialised membrane called the Choroid plexus

What is an essential part of the CNS for maintaning homeostasis?

The ventricles

What is the first symptom of meningitis and what part of the brain is affected?

Sensivity to light, fever, headache. Inflammation of the meninges

Name the meninges in order and spaces between them

1. Skull bone 2. Epidural space 3. Dura mater 4. Subdural space 5. Arachnoid 6. Subarachnoid space 7. Pia mater 8. Brain tissue- grey and white matter

Function of neurons

Excitable, receive, process, trasmit information

Function of Astocytes

Maintain blood brain barrier integrity, participate in synapses

Function of ependymal cells

-Build barriers between compartments -Produces CSF -Homeostasis -Brain metabolism -Clearance of waste from the brain

Frontal lobe, location and function

Front vountary movement, muscles of speech, decision making, creativity, concentration Very Smart Drs Create Concentration

Parietal lobe, function and location

Between the frontal and occipital - sensory processing - pressure, temp and pain

Occipital lobe, function and location

At the back, sitting between the cerebellum and parietal -visual information

Temporal lobe, function and location

At the sides -short term memory -emotion -auditory information

Where is the cerebellum and function

At the back/bottom, closest to brain stem. -cooridination -balance -motor learning and planning - posture

Neurotransmitters produced by gut microbiota

Serotonin, GABA, dopamine

Which nerve is the main communication pathway between the gut and the brain?

Vagus nerve

What are the Autonomic nervous system divisons and how do they impact the gut?

Parasympathetic = promotes digestion (rest & digest) Sympathetic = inhibits digestion (fight or flight) Enteric NS = controls gut directly

Name the 4 cranial neves releated to vision and their function

-Optic nerve (2)- transmits visual info to retina - Occulomotor (3)- controls most muscles - Trochlear (4) - Abducens (6) 3, 4, 6- coorindinate eye movements, purley motor

What is it called when action potential moves along the axon and how does this happen?

Saltory conduction -action potential jumps from one node of ranvier to the next over mylinated shealths

Name the receptors and receptor types and stimulus in the skin

Stimulus -pressure -pain -temp Receptor -free nerve endings -temp receptors Receptor types -mechanoreceptors -nociceptor -thermoreceptors

Name the receptor, receptor types, organ and stimulus for vision

Receptor -rodes and cones Receptor type -elctromagnetic Organ -retina Stimulus -light

Name interoception, receptor, receptor type, organ and stimulus

Receptor -aortic arch baroreceptors pH receptors Receptor type -baroreceptors -chemoreceptors Organ -aortic arch -medulla oblongata Stimulus -blood pressure -pH

Name hearing, receptor, receptor type, organ and stimulus

Receptor -auditory hair cells Receptor type -mechanoreceptors Organ -organ or corti Stimulus -vibration

Location, funtion of Cerebrum

Largest part of brain divided into 4 lobes, connected by the corpus callosum- into left and right hemispheres. The cerbebral cortex sits on top, is the outlayer also known as grey matter -Conscious thought -Higher functions (learning, intelligence) -Voluntary movement -Memory -Language -Sensory processing Cats have very mighty little senses

Gyrus VS sulcus

Sulcus are the grooves between the gyrus Gyrus is the raised tissue between grooves Both help to increase surface area of the cerebal cortex

Where is the wernicke's area located and function?

Temporal Lobe Written and spoken language comprehension

Function of thalamus

Relay station for sensory and motor signals

Function of hippocampus

Converts short term memory into long term

Amygdala function

Processes emotions and triggers fight or flight

Medella oblongata

Vital processes like breathing and heart rate

Nervous System Flashcards

(55 cards)