KINE 3600 > nervous system > Flashcards

nervous system Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

what does the central nervous system consist of?

A

brain
spinal cord

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2
Q

what does the peripheral nervous nervous system consist of?

A

outside of brain
spinal cord

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3
Q

what are the parts of the autonomic nervous system?

A

sympathetic
parasympathetic

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4
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

fight or flight

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5
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

rest and digest
feed and breed

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6
Q

functions of central nervous system

A

integrate incoming and outgoing neural signals

perform higher order mental functions

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7
Q

identify the parts of the brain

A
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8
Q

cerebrospinal fluid qualities (CSF)

A

cushions the brain

regulates blood contents

floats in subarachnoid space

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9
Q

layers of meninges of CNS

A

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

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10
Q

name the dural spaces

A

epidural space
subdural space

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11
Q

epidural space

A

tight space

artery: middle meningeal vulnerable to damage

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12
Q

subdural space

A

loose space

veins

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13
Q

the peripheral nervous system is made up of branches from:

A

12 pairs of cranial nerves which arise in the brain

31 pairs of spinal nerves which arise from the spinal cord

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14
Q

peripheral nervous system functions

A

convey sensory information to the CNS

convey neural commands from the CNS to muscles and glands

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15
Q

sympathetic nervous system effects

A

BP increases
heart beats faster
digestion slows down

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16
Q

parasympathetic nervous system effects

A

BP decreases
pulse rate slows
digestion starts

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17
Q

nerve structure

A

epineurium
perineurium
endoneurium
fascicles
Schwann cells

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18
Q

cells of nervous system

A

neurons
glial cells

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19
Q

neurons

A

nerve cells

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20
Q

glial cells

Study These Flashcards
A

surround the neuron as support structure

microglia- phagocytes: immune response

macroglia- astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells

21
Q

neuron structure

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A

soma: cell body- contains nucleus

axons: transmit signals up to 3 meters

dendrites: receiving incoming signals- 80-90% of total surface area

22
Q

identify structures of a neuron

23
Q

myelin

Study These Flashcards
A

insulating layer around axons

myleniated vs unmyelinated

increases rate of nerve conduction

24
Q

nerve conduction:
action potential and refractory periods

Study These Flashcards
A

action potential: all or none

refractory period: absolute, relative

25
nodes of ranvier
regularly spaced gaps in myelin sheath about 1 μm in length
26
nodes of ranvier: saltatory conduction
electrical current "jumps" from node to node
27
nerve impulse propagation
transmission of electrical signals, known as action potentials, along the length of a neuron
28
action potential propagation
nerve impulse that transmits signal down a nerve
29
action potential propagation: rate of impulse conduction depends on...
presence or absence of a myelin sheath myelin 5-7x faster than unmyelinated
30
relationship between diameter of axon and speed
larger = faster
31
summation: temporal vs spatial
32
spinal cord anatomy: neural tissue made of...
grey and white matter white matter: myelinated axons grey matter: nonmyelinated axons/cell bodies
33
spinal cord anatomy: extends from...
foramen magnum of the occiput to the 1st or 2nd Lumbar vertebra enlarged at cervical and lumbar spine
34
spinal cord anatomy: conus medullaris
narrowing at end of spinal cord
35
spinal cord anatomy: cauda equina
nerves continuing caudally before exiting the vertebral column
36
spinal cord anatomy: filum terminale
final remaining tissue of spinal cord in the coccyx
37
afferent
sensory
38
efferent
motor
39
spinal nerves leave the...
vertebral column
40
how many pairs of spinal nerves?
31 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal
41
generation of voluntary movement: motor cortex
voluntary movements
42
generation of voluntary movement: cerebellum
repetitive, learned activities: gait, balance
43
generation of voluntary movement: spinal cord
reflexive movement (involuntary)
44
spinal reflexes: sensorimotor interactions
sensory signal doesn't always go to brain before a motor reaction occurs
45
nerve injuries may occur due to:
mechanical pressure (carat tunnel syndrome) oxygen and nutrient supply is restricted (stroke or peripheral nerve compression) incision or severing mechanism
46
can nerves regenerate?
yes, if the connective structure of the nerve is intact
47
at what rate do nerves regenerate from injury?
1-2 mm per day
48
do complete nerve injuries undergo repair?
no, usually not result in permanent impairment
49
neural plasticity
limited nerve regeneration/repair occurs within the CNS
KINE 3600
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