ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

(105 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

What is the main function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

A

To process and transmit information throughout the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True or False: The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord.

A

False - network of nerves excluding brain and spinal cord.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the largest part of the human brain.

A

cerebrum (85%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two main types of cells in the nervous system?

A

Neurons and glial cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Multiple Choice: Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating balance and coordination? A) Cerebrum B) Cerebellum C) Brainstem

A

B) Cerebellum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the role of the myelin sheath?

A

To insulate axons and increase the speed of neural impulses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

True or False: The autonomic nervous system controls voluntary movements.

A

False - autonomic is involuntary and controls automatic body functions such as heart rate, breathing, digestion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ lobe is primarily responsible for visual processing.

A

occipital.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

To regulate homeostasis and control the endocrine system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Multiple Choice: What part of the brain connects the left and right hemispheres? A) Corpus callosum B) Hippocampus C) Thalamus

A

A) Corpus callosum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a synapse?

A

The junction between two neurons where communication occurs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

True or False: The spinal cord is responsible for reflex actions.

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ nervous system is responsible for the ‘fight or flight’ response.

A

sympathetic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of neuron carries signals toward the central nervous system?

A

Afferent neurons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Multiple Choice: Which part of the brain is involved in memory formation? A) Amygdala B) Cerebellum C) Medulla oblongata

A

A) Amygdala.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the primary neurotransmitter involved in muscle contraction?

A

Acetylcholine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

True or False: The brain is made up of gray matter and white matter.

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ system is involved in emotion and motivation.

A

limbic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of the medulla oblongata?

A

To control autonomic functions like breathing and heartbeat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Multiple Choice: Which part of the brainstem controls arousal and consciousness? A) Pons B) Midbrain C) Medulla

A

B) Midbrain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is neuroplasticity?

A

The brain’s ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

True or False: The frontal lobe is responsible for higher cognitive functions.

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the primary relay station for sensory information.

A

thalamus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the role of glial cells?

A

To support and protect neurons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Multiple Choice: Which structure is responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid? A) Choroid plexus B) Pineal gland C) Pituitary gland
A) Choroid plexus.
26
What is the function of the somatic nervous system?
To control voluntary movements and relay sensory information.
27
What are the two divisions of the nervous system?
Autonomic and Somatic
28
Direction of Rostral
towards the nose
29
Direction of Caudal
towards the back of the head
30
Direction of ventral
towards the jaw
31
Direction of Dorsal
toward the top of the skull (dorsal fin)
32
What is the nervous system?
Complex network of nerves and cells that transmit signals to and from the body
33
What parts of the body does the nervous system include?
Brain, spinal cord, nerves
34
How does the PNS connect to the CNS?
Via cranial nerves into the brain, and via the spinal nerves into the spinal cord
35
What is the function of cranial nerves?
To relay info to and from the head and neck
36
What is the function of spinal nerves?
To relay info to and from the rest of the body
37
What is the function of the Somatic System?
Receives sensory information via sensory receptors that sense information about the external environment and controls the action of voluntary muscles.
38
What are the 2 systems of the Autonomic Systems?
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
39
True or False: The sympathetic division of the autonomic system also expands energy to...
True
40
Does the parasympathetic division of the autonomic system expand or conserve energy?
Conserves energy
41
What are the two functions of the somatic nervous system?
Sensory and Motor Functions which carry information to and from skeletal muscles via the CNs and the spinal nerves.
42
What does the sensory function of the somatic nervous system do?
transmits head, neck, and body sensations for touch, pain, temperature and body position.
43
What does the motor function of the somatic nervous system do?
Carries info to and from skeletal muscles via the CNs and the spinal nerves.
44
What are gross divisions?
What is visible with the naked eye
45
What are the gross divisions of the CNS?
Brain and spinal cord
46
How are the left and right hemispheres connected?
By the corpus collossum
47
What are the lobes of the cerebrum?
Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital and limbic
48
What seperates the lobes?
Gyri and Sulci
49
What is the cerebral cortex?
The outermost layer of cerebrum, which is gray matter
50
Responsibilities of grey matter...
processes and transmits information. control memory, thoughts and feelings, emotions, thinking skills, and muscle movement
51
Responsibilities of white matter
Connects brain regions to carry signals between areas of grey matter to help with learning, attentions, and motor control
52
What is white matter made up of?
Heavily myelinated axons
53
What does the frontal lobe do?
motor function, problem solving, spontaneity, memory, language, initiation, judgement, impulse control, and social and sexual behaviour
54
What does the parietal lobe do?
deal with touch, pain, propioception, and taste
55
What does the temporal lobe do?
involved in the primary organization of sensory input
56
What does the occipital lobe do?
forms the centres of visual perception
57
What does the limbic lobe do?
FIND OUT...
58
What does the hippocampus do?
Converts short-term memories into long-term memories
59
What does the Amygdala do?
Processes emotion
60
What lobe is the hippocampus and amygdala in?
Temporal lobe
61
Is the amygdala anterior or posterior to the hippocampus?
Anterior
62
What is gyri made up of?
Grey matter
63
What does the corpus callosum do?
Integrates info from each hempisphere
64
What is the corpus callosum made up of?
White matter
65
True or False: the corpus callosum forms the base of the longitudincal fissure
True
66
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Co-ordinates familiar movements. Analyses and synthesises large amounts of sensory information, then sends out control of movements and balance.
67
What is the nickname of the cerebellum?
Little Brain
68
What part of the brain sits underneath the cerebrum?
Cerebellum
69
True or false: the cerebellum and the corporal callosum are both very tightly folded
True
70
What part of the brain houses the majority of the cranial nerves?
The brainstem
71
What are the basic functions of the brainstem?
Control of cardiac function, respiratory function, sleep, hunger, and thirst.
72
What part of the brain connects the brain to the spinal cord and the cerebellum?
Brainstem
73
What are the three parts of the brainstem?
1. Midbrain 2. Pons 3. Medulla Oblongata
74
What are meninges?
Connective tissue that surrounds and protects the CNS
75
What are the 3 layers of the meninges?
1. Dura mater 2. Arachnoid mater 3. Pia mater
76
What are ventricles?
A network of connected, fluid-filled cavities located deep within the brain
77
What are the ventricles filled with?
Cerebrospinal Fluid which cushions and nourishes the brain and spinal cord
78
What are the 4 main ventricles of the brain?
Lateral ventricles x2, 3rd ventricle, 4th venticle
79
Where is the thirs ventricle located?
In the centre of the brain between the two halves of the thalamus
80
Where is the fourth ventricle located?
Between the brainstem and the cerebellum
81
What are the two arteries that supply blood to the brain?
1. Carotid Arteries 2. Vertebral Arteries
82
What parts of the brain does the carotid artery supply blood to?
Anterior parts of the brain... - Frontal lobes - Temporal lobes - Eyes and optic nerves - Parts of the parietal lobes
83
What parts of the brain does the carotid artery supply blood to?
Posterior parts of the brain... - Brainstem - Cerebellum - Occipital lobes - Parts of the temporal lobes
84
What is the CIrcle of Willis?
Arterial circle that provides a safety mechanism for the blood supply to the brain
85
What 3 pairs of cerebral arteries arise from the Circle of Willis?
1. Anterior cerebral artery 2. Middle cerebral artery 3. Posterios cerebral artery
86
How do cells communicate together?
Through electrochemical communication
87
What is an action potential?
How an electrical message is carried along the axon of a neuron
88
What are graded potentials best for?
Short distances
89
What is a synapse
the place where 2 neurons or a neuron and a muscle communicate. It includes the presynaptic terminal, the postsynaptic terminal, and the gap between them.
90
What is the synaptic cleft?
The tiny gap within the synapse that seperates the 2 neurons
91
What does the first neuron release into the synaptic cleft?
Chemicals called neurotransmitters
92
What are the Brodmann areas?
Distinct numbered parts of the brain based on the arrangement and density of different cells
93
What are the two most important Brodmann areas for SLT?
- 44 Broca's area - 22 Wernicke's area
94
What does 44 Broca's area do?
Involved in the planning and organisation of movement for speech and language. Takes info about language ideas and transforms it into a motor command.
95
What does 22 Wernicke's area do?
Takes info from auditory input and transforms it into understanding spoken languagae, language formulation, and meaning
96
What do Association Areas do?
Interpret and integrate information
97
What do Primary Areas do?
Deal with basic, raw sensory and motor information not yet interpreted or integrated, e.g. primary motor cortex and primary sensroy cortex
98
Where are cranial nerves focused on?
The head and neck
99
Where are spinal nerves focused on?
The rest of the body
100
What do cranial nerves do?
Control muscles, carries sensory information, regulates autonomic functions
101
What are the Cranial Nerves?
Oh - Olfactory Oh - Optic Oh - Occulomotor To - Trochlear Touch - Trigminal And - Abducencs Feel - Facial Very - Vestibulocochlear Good - Glossopharyngeal Velvet - Vagus Ah - Spinal Accessory & Hypoglossal
102
Why would it be important for SLTs to know about pre-term development of the brain and nervous sytem?
Need to know about what you should be expected to achieve with NICU babies with conditions that affect growth of specific parts of brain
103
What is Neurulation?
A crucial developmental process in vertebrates where the neural plate folds and fuses to form the neural tube, which ultimately develops into the brain and spinal cord (CNS)
104
What is Neurogenesis?
The process by which new neurons are formed in the brain.
105
What is Gliogenesis?
The generation of non-neuronal glia populations derived from multipotent neural stem cells
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
flashcards
Decks in class (11)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions