What is the difference between sensory and motor divisions of the nervous system?
Sensory (afferent) carries information to the CNS (input); motor (efferent) carries information from the CNS to muscles/glands (output)
What does “afferent” mean?
Information traveling toward the brain/spinal cord (ascending)
What does “efferent” mean?
Information traveling away from the brain/spinal cord (descending)
What structures make up the central nervous system (CNS)?
Brain and spinal cord
What structures make up the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
All neural tissue outside CNS (spinal nerves, cranial nerves, ganglia)
What is the motor (efferent) nervous system?
Begins in CNS and sends signals to muscles or glands
What is the somatic sensory system?
Detects external stimuli (e.g., touch, temperature, pain)
What is the sensory (afferent) nervous system?
Begins at receptors and carries signals to the CNS
What are neurons?
Excitable cells that transmit electrical signals for communication
What is the somatic motor system?
Controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles
What is the visceral motor system?
Controls involuntary actions of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
What are the subdivisions of the visceral (autonomic) nervous system?
Sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric
What are neuroglia?
Non-excitable supporting cells that protect, nourish, and maintain neurons
What is the visceral sensory system?
Detects internal conditions (e.g., hunger, stretch, organ status)
What is a nerve?
Bundle of axons in the PNS
What is the function of the parasympathetic division?
“Rest and digest” → decreases heart rate, promotes digestion
What is the function of the sympathetic division?
“Fight or flight” → increases heart rate, inhibits digestion
What is the enteric nervous system?
Controls digestive system function independently (gut brain)
What are the four types of neuroglia in the CNS?
Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia
Where are neurons found?
Both CNS and PNS
What are key functions of neuroglia?
Support neurons, regulate environment, provide insulation, immune defense (phagocytosis)
What do astrocytes do?
Anchor neurons, regulate extracellular environment, control neurotransmitters, help form BBB
What do oligodendrocytes do?
Form myelin sheath around CNS axons
What do satellite cells do?
Surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia and regulate chemical environment
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Cell structure + Epithelial Tissue28
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CT (proper + supporting + fluid) and membranes/fascia105
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Muscle Tissue (1 and 2)20
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Axial skeleton + axial muscles50
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Lab 1: Intro to anatomical terminology, body organization, cells, tissues, and integumentary system57
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Lab 2: Connective Tissues + Intro to Musculoskeletal systems, joints, and movements81
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Lab 4: Musculoskeletel System II - Upper Limb129
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Lab 5: Musculoskeletal System III - Lower Limb117
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Lab 6 : Nervous System I146
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Lab 7: Nervous System Part II98
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Lab 8: Cardiovascular System I157
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Lab 9: Cardiovascular System II93
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Bones, joints, and upper + lower limbs44
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Muscles of upper and lower limbs (insertion, origin, and movements)42
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Nervous System41
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Brain and Meninges48
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Digestive System48
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Spinal Pathways (dense material)54
