Nervous System

Question 1

Name the groups of the Nervous System

Answer 1

1. Central Nervous System (includes the brain and spinal cord)
2. Peripheral Nervous System (includes cranial and spinal nerves)

Question 2

Neurons are the basic building blocks of the nervous system. What is each neuron made of?

Answer 2

Remember CDA

1. Cell Body
2. Dendrites
   3 Axon

Question 3

How do Neurons work?

Answer 3

Through a complex electrochemical process by which an action potential is generated and transmitted to other neurons at the synapse.

Question 4

What is the membrane that covers the brain? I.e. What is the brain contained in?

Answer 4

The Meninges

Question 5

What gives the brain buoyancy?

Answer 5

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Question 6

Where is Cerebrospinal Fluid manufactured?

Answer 6

In the ventricles. The cerebrospinal fluid circulates around the brain and spinal chord.

Question 7

Name the 4 types of Glial Cells

Answer 7

1. Astrocytes
2. Oligodendrocytes
3. Schwann Cells
4. Microglia

Question 8

Name 4 functions that Glial Cells provide.

Answer 8

1. Metabolic support
2. Secretion of cerebrospinal fluid
3. Response to injury
4. Insulation

Question 9

What are Astrocytes and what do they do?

Answer 9

The most commonly found Glial Cell. They help in transporting substances between blood cells and nerve cells.

Question 10

What part of the brain connects the two hemispheres?

Answer 10

The Corpus Callosum

Question 11

Name the different parts of the brain’s cortex

Answer 11

1. Frontal
2. Parietal
3. Temporal
4. Occipital

Question 12

What color matter is the brain’s cortex?

Answer 12

Grey

Question 13

What are the main three subcortical structures of the cerebrum?

Answer 13

Remember BTH

1. Basal Nulei
2. Thalamus
3. Hypothalamus

Question 14

What color matter is the cerebrum?

Answer 14

White

Question 15

Name the parts of the brain stem

Answer 15

1. Midbrain
2. Pons
3. Medulla

Question 16

What part of the brain stem connects to the spinal chord?

Answer 16

Medulla

Question 17

What purpose does the Cerebellum serve?

Answer 17

Coordinating different aspects of movement: ie, direction, force, and speed.

Question 18

What are the Myelin in the CNS called

Answer 18

Oligodenrocytes

Question 19

What are the Myelin in the PNS called?

Answer 19

Schwann Cells

Question 20

What purpose do Microglia serve?

Answer 20

The keep the CNS clean by engulfing and destroying harmful organisms.

Question 21

Ipsilateral

Answer 21

Originating on the same side.

Question 22

Contralateral

Answer 22

Originating on the opposite side

Question 23

What three types structures do neurons communicate with?

Answer 23

• Neuron to neuron
• neuron to muscle
• Sensory receptors to neural structures

Question 24

Three ways to classify a nerve cell:

Answer 24

• Function
• Number of processes
• Neurotransmitter it sends

Question 25

Motor Neurons are:

Answer 25

- Efferent | - Bipolar (special senses like hearing and seeing) muscle gland

Question 26

Sensory Neuron

Answer 26

Afferent Unipolar

Question 27

Interneurons

Answer 27

Communicate with motor and sensory neurons within the CNS

Question 28

Three prominent types of neurons classified by the neurotransmitters the send:

Answer 28

Dopaminergic Serotonergic Cholinergic

Question 29

Define: Neuromuscular Junction

Answer 29

A chemical synapse formed by the contact between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber.

Question 30

What are the 6 layers of the cortex?

Answer 30

1. Molecular layer 2. External granular 3. External pyramidal layer 4. Internal granular layer 5. Internal pyramidal layer 6. Multiform layer

Question 31

How do Microglial cells protect the neurons from toxins in the blood?

Answer 31

Phagocytosis

Question 32

What percentage of language is processed in the left hemisphere for RHP?

Answer 32

90%

Question 33

What's the difference between Nuclei and Tracts?

Answer 33

Nuclei are densely packed cell bodies of neurons in the central nervous system. Tracts are bunches of axons.

Question 34

Pyramidal

Answer 34

Initiation of voluntary motor acts. “Direct system” : Few synapses before brainstem or spinal cord

Question 35

Extrapyramidal

Answer 35

Background tone and movement supporting primary motor acts. “Indirect system” : Many synapses in many structures - Parkinson’s is an example of a disorder involving the Extra-pyramidal

Question 36

Choroid Plexus Cells

Answer 36

Cells that produces the cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain.

Question 37

5 Functions for the cerebrospinal fluid.

Answer 37

1. Buoyancy 2. Protection 3. Chemical stability 4. Prevention of brain ischemia 5. Clearing waste

Question 38

What is another name for the lateral fissure?

Answer 38

The Sylvian Fissure

Question 39

What is another name for the Primary Motor Strip in the Frontal Lobe?

Answer 39

Precentral Gyrus

Question 40

Where is Broca's area?

Answer 40

The Frontal Operculum - which is near the lateral fissure.