Nervous System

Question 1

The most common kind of primary brain tumor in children is:

Answer 1

medulloblastoma

Question 2

The largest cerebral artery, and the one most commonly affected by stroke is the

Answer 2

middle cerebral artery

Question 3

Signs of MCA stroke are:

Answer 3

• contraleral motor and sensory deficits, especially of the upper extremity
• Contralateral homonymous hemianopia
• language disturbances

Question 4

Signs of ACA stroke are:

Answer 4

• contralateral motor and sensory deficits, especially of the lower extremity
• Loss of willpower/executive function

Question 5

Projection of the optic nerve into the globe of the eye as a result of increased ICP is called:

Answer 5

papilledema

Question 6

papilledema

Answer 6

Projection of the optic nerve into the globe of the eye as a result of increased ICP is called:

Question 7

Increased ICP causes Ptosis (droopy eyelid) by:

Answer 7

compression of CNIII

Question 8

congential causes of hydrocephalus include:

Answer 8

arnold-chiari malformation or myelomeningocele

Question 9

Neonates tend not to show focal signs of hydrocephalus because:

Answer 9

the sutures have not yet clsoed so the monroe-kelly doctrine does not yet apply.

Question 10

Meningococcus may enter an intact cranial vault through:

Answer 10

nasopharyngeal cells

Question 11

The most common cause of meningitis in neonates is:

Answer 11

E Coli

Question 12

The most common cause of meningitis in young chldren is

Answer 12

H Influenzae

Question 13

The most common cause of meningitis in adults is

Answer 13

Meningococcus

Question 14

Classic signs of meningites include:

Answer 14

• head, back, and neck pain
• nuchal rigidity
• photophobia
• Kernig’s sign (resistance to leg extension when lying with hip flexed)
• petechial rash
• irritability

Question 15

Guillain Barre syndrome is caused by

Answer 15

autoimmune attack of the PNS (esp. Schwann cells)

Question 16

signs of Guillain Barre syndrome:

Answer 16

• ascending flaccid paralysis
• parasthesia, pain accompanying weakness
• vision, speach, and breathing disturbances
• autonomic dysreflexia
• RAPID onset

Question 17

• ascending flaccid paralysis
• parasthesia, pain accompanying weakness
• vision, speach, and breathing disturbances
• autonomic dysreflexia
• RAPID onset

Answer 17

signs of Guillain Barre syndrome:

Question 18

Treatment for Guillain Barre syndrome in which IGG antibodies are removed from blood

Answer 18

plasmapheresis

Question 19

Epidural hematoma is usually from a ________ and progresses _______ (gradually / rapidly)

Answer 19

artery, rapidly.

usually the middle meningeal artery

Question 20

subdural hematoma is usually from a ________ and progresses __________

Answer 20

vein, slowly

Question 21

List 4 reasons bleeding within the brain is dangerous

Answer 21

• Increased ICP
• Ischemia downstream from bleeding
• Blood is irritating to nervous tissue
• Blood causes local vasoconstriction

Question 22

Describe problems of autonomic dysreflexia

Answer 22

• ascending sympathetic signals are blocked
• a painful stimulus (bladder distension, etc.) causes sympathetic outflow as a reflex.
• This leads to hypertension
• parasympathetic system can not downregulate sympathetic response
• extreme hypertension may result.

Question 23

MS is caused by

Answer 23

autoimmune demyelination within the CNS

Question 24

signs of MS are:

Answer 24

• blurred vision
• leg weakness
• difficulty speaking (scanning speach)
• scotoma (blind spot)

Question 25

PAthophysiology of alzheimer's

Answer 25

* degenerative changes to substantia nigra of the basal nuclei * impairment of dopamine production

Question 26

signs of parkinsons

Answer 26

* mask fascies * resting/pill-rolling tremor * stooped posture * muscle rigidity (loss of inhibitory signals * shuffling gait

Question 27

pathophysiology of ALS

Answer 27

* idiopathic destruction of upper and lower motor neurons (non-inflammatory\_ * universally fatal

Question 28

signs of ALS

Answer 28

* muscle weakness * slurred speach * loss of coordination

Question 29

Brain tumors are most often ____________ (primary / metastatic)

Answer 29

metastatic

Question 30

The most common type of non-metastatic brain tumor is _______ which is generally _______ (benign / malignant)

Answer 30

meningioma, benign

Question 31

the most common **primary** brain tumor is __________ which is generally ________ (benign / malignant)

Answer 31

glioblastoma, malignant!!

Question 32

A common form of primary brain tumor which is malignant but with a good prognosis is:

Answer 32

astrocytoma

Question 33

Signs of a cluster headache

Answer 33

* stabbing unilateral retroorbital pain * tearing or nasal discharge * 0.5-3 hours, often multiple times daily for months

Question 34

Signs of a migraine headache

Answer 34

* pulsating/throbbing unilateral or bilateral supraorbital pain in head * 4 hours to 3 days * often preceded by aura * N/V

Question 35

Signs of tension headache

Answer 35

* dull, aching headache * several hour duration * no N/V or other associated symptoms