NETACAD MODULE 1

Question 1

What four basic characteristics must network architects address to meet user expectations?

Answer 1

Fault Tolerance
Scalability
Quality of Service (QoS)
Security

Question 2

Describe a fault tolerant network

Answer 2

A fault tolerant network is one that limits the number of affected devices during a failure. It is built to allow quick recovery when such a failure occurs. These networks depend on multiple paths between the source and destination of a message. If one path fails, the messages are instantly sent over a different link. Having multiple paths to a destination is known as redundancy.

Question 3

Describe a packet switched network

Answer 3

Packet switching splits traffic into packets that are routed over a shared network. A single message, such as an email or a video stream, is broken into multiple message blocks, called packets. Each packet has the necessary addressing information of the source and destination of the message. The routers within the network switch the packets based on the condition of the network at that moment. This means that all the packets in a single message could take very different paths to the same destination. In the figure, the user is unaware and unaffected by the router that is dynamically changing the route when a link fails.

The network topology consists of four routers with redundant links. At the top of the diagram is the Internet cloud with two connections at the bottom, each leading to a router. Below these routers is a connection to another router. Each bottom router connects back to both routers that connect to the Internet. The router on the bottom left is connected to a switch with three desktops and three IP phones. The router on the bottom right is connected to a switch with three desktops. The top left router has a red circle with a diagonal line. The top right router has a green arrow leading to the Internet. A text box reads: redundant connections allow for alternative paths if a device fails; the user exerience is unaffected.

Question 4

What is QoS

Answer 4

a primary mechanism for managing congestion and ensuring reliable delivery of content to all users. The focus of QoS is to prioritize time-sensitive traffic. The type of traffic, not the content of the traffic, is what is important.

Question 5

What is congestion and how can it be handled in a network?

Answer 5

Congestion occurs when the demand for bandwidth exceeds the amount available. (Network bandwidth is measured in the number of bits that can be transmitted in a single second, or bits per second (bps).)
When the volume of traffic is greater than what can be transported across the network, devices will hold the packets in memory until resources become available to transmit them

Question 6

When designers follow accepted standards and protocols, which of the four basic characteristics of network architecture is achieved?

Answer 6

Scalability

Question 7

Describe BYOD

Answer 7

BYOD enables end users the freedom to use personal tools to access information and communicate across a business or campus network. With the growth of consumer devices, and the related drop in cost, employees and students may have advanced computing and networking devices for personal use. These include laptops, notebooks, tablets, smart phones, and e-readers. These may be purchased by the company or school, purchased by the individual, or both.

BYOD means any device, with any ownership, used anywhere.

Question 8

Describe Online collaboration

Answer 8

Collaboration is defined as “the act of working with another or others on a joint project.” Collaboration tools, like Cisco WebEx, give employees, students, teachers, customers, and partners a way to instantly connect, interact, and achieve their objectives.

Question 9

What are the various functionalities of cloud computing?

Answer 9

• Cloud computing allows us to store personal files, even backup an entire drive on servers over the internet.
• Applications such as word processing and photo editing can be accessed using the cloud.
• For businesses, Cloud computing extends the capabilities of IT without requiring investment in new infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software. These services are available on-demand and delivered economically to any device that is anywhere in the world without compromising security or function.

Question 10

What are the different types of cloud?

Answer 10

1. Public cloud -available to the general population. Services may be free or are offered on a pay-per-use model, such as paying for online storage. The public cloud uses the internet to provide services.
2. Private clouds Cloud-based applications and services offered in a private cloud are intended for a specific organization or entity, such as a government. A private cloud can be set up using the organization’s private network or it can be managed by an outside organization with strict access security.
3. Hybrid clouds-A hybrid cloud is made up of two or more clouds (example: part private, part public), where each part remains a distinct object, but both are connected using a single architecture. Individuals on a hybrid cloud would be able to have degrees of access to various services based on user access rights.
4. Community clouds- A community cloud is created for exclusive use by specific entities or organizations. The differences between public clouds and community clouds are the functional needs that have been customized for the community. For example, healthcare organizations must remain compliant with policies and laws (e.g., HIPAA) that require special authentication and confidentiality. Community clouds are used by multiple organizations that have similar needs and concerns. Community clouds are similar to a public cloud environment, but with set levels of security, privacy, and even regulatory compliance of a private cloud.

Question 11

Describe power-line networking

Answer 11

Powerline networking for home networks uses existing electrical wiring to connect devices. Using a standard powerline adapter, devices can connect to the LAN wherever there is an electrical outlet. No data cables need to be installed, and there is little to no additional electricity used. Using the same wiring that delivers electricity, powerline networking sends information by sending data on certain frequencies.

Question 12

What is a WISP?

Answer 12

A Wireless Internet Service Provider (WISP) is an ISP that connects subscribers to a designated access point or hot spot using similar wireless technologies found in home wireless local area networks (WLANs). WISPs are more commonly found in rural environments where DSL or cable services are not available.

Question 13

What is a Wireless Broadband Service

Answer 13

This solution uses the same cellular technology as a smart phone. An antenna is installed outside the house providing either wireless or wired connectivity for devices in the home.