- agreed upon rules (by industry authorities)
- ensure hardware & software produced by diff. Company can work together
Standards
- Set of rules
- How 2 devices communicate
- over a computer network
Protocol
- Data sequencing
- data routing
- flow control
- error control
- connection establishment & termination
Protocol functions
- Breaking long message → smaller packets ( fixed size )
- method of numbering → detect loss / duplication of packets ; correctly identify packets.
Data sequencing
- Most efficient path between source & destination
Data routing
- prevents fast sender from overwhelming a slow receiver
- ensures resources sharing & protection against traffic congestion
Flow control
- Design to detect errors (in messages) ; ensures transmission of correct messages
Error control
- Define now connections are established, maintained & terminated
- when a nodes of network want to communicate
Connection establishment & termination
How do you send data over Internet ?
TCP/IP
- Transmission Control Protocol (allows network & internet to work tgtr )
- Internet protocol ( needed when internet is involved )
Use of POP, IMAP
- To send & receive email
- post office protocol
- internet message access protocol
Use of http
- Request and deliver web pages
→ Hypertext Transfer protocol
Use of FTP
- To request & deliver files
→ files transfer protocol
→ A network protocol that defines how messages (data) are routed
→ allows one computer to talk to another computer via internet
TCP/IP
Can access or connect to a network using radio waves (no need wires)
Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity )
→ a network standard ; specifies how 2 UWB devices ; short -range radio waves to communicate @ ↑ speeds
UWB → ultra-wideband
→ a protocol ; defines how a network uses radio signals to communicate
RFID → radio frequency identification
-Breaks files into packets & calculate checksums
TCP
