Network + Flash Cards Deck 2

Question 1

(Routing Loop Strategies)

____ works by preventing the router from advertising a route
back to the other router from which it was learned. This prevents two
nodes from bouncing packets back and forth between them, creating a
loop.

Answer 1

Split horizon

Question 2

(Routing Loop Strategies)

dictates that the route is advertised back on the interface from which it
was learned, but it has a hop count of infinity, which tells the node that
the route is unreachable.

Answer 2

Poison reverse (also called split horizon with poison reverse)

Question 3

ExamAlert

The term well-known ports identifies the ports ranging from 0 to 1023. When
CompTIA says to “identify the well-known ports,” this is what it refers t

Answer 3

ExamAlert

Question 4

1. As the network administrator, you decide to block port 80. Which of the following
   services will be unavailable for network users?
   ❍ A. DNS
   ❍ B. POP3
   ❍ C. FTP
   ❍ D. HTTP

Answer 4

1. D. The HTTP service uses port 80, so blocking port 80 prevents users from using
   the HTTP service. Answer A is incorrect because DNS uses port 53. Answer B is
   incorrect because POP3 uses port 110. Answer C is incorrect because FTP uses
   port 21.

Question 5

1. D. The HTTP service uses port 80, so blocking port 80 prevents users from using
   the HTTP service. Answer A is incorrect because DNS uses port 53. Answer B is
   incorrect because POP3 uses port 110. Answer C is incorrect because FTP uses
   port 21.

Answer 5

2. B. The most commonly used port for FTP in modern implementations is 21.

Question 6

1. Port mirroring enables administrators to monitor which traffic to the switch?
❍ A. Inbound only
❍ B. Outbound only
❍ C. Inbound and outbound
❍ D. Neither inbound nor outbound

Answer 6

1. C. Port mirroring enables administrators to monitor the traffic outbound and
   inbound to the switch.

Question 7

1. What are the most common distance-vector routing protocols?

Answer 7

1. Distance-vector routing protocols include RIP, RIPv2, BGP, and EIGRP.

Question 8

1. What is the difference between an active and passive hub?

Answer 8

1. Hubs can be either active or passive. Hubs are considered active when
   they regenerate a signal before forwarding it to all the ports on the device.

Question 9

1. Which of the following best describes the function of the default gateway?
   ❍ A. It provides the route for destinations outside the local network.
   ❍ B. It enables a single Internet connection to be used by several users.
   ❍ C. It identifies the local subnet and formulates a routing table.
   ❍ D. It is used to communicate in a multiple-platform environment.

Answer 9

1. A. The default gateway enables systems on one local subnet to access those on
   another. Answer B does not accurately describe the role of the default gateway.
   Answers C and D don’t describe the main function of a default gateway, which is
   to provide the route for destinations outside the local network.

Question 10

1. Which technology enables electrical power to transmit over twisted-pair
   Ethernet cable?

Answer 10

1. Power over Ethernet (PoE) is the technology that enables electrical power
   to transmit over twisted-pair Ethernet cable.

Question 11

2. True or False: With the help of FSL, STP avoids or eliminates loops on
   Layer 2 bridges.

Answer 11

2. False. With the help of Spanning Tree Algorithm (STA), STP avoids or
   eliminates loops on a Layer 2 bridge.

Question 12

2. What are the most common link-state protocols?

Answer 12

2. Link-state protocols include OSPF and IS-IS.

Question 13

2. What is the major difference between a hub and a switch?

Answer 13

2. Rather than forwarding data to all the connected ports, a switch forwards
   data only to the port on which the destination system is connected.

Question 14

2. What is the term used for the number of hops necessary to reach a node?
❍ A. Jump list
❍ B. Link stops
❍ C. Connections
❍ D. Hop count

Answer 14

2. D. The hop count is the number of hops necessary to reach a node.

Question 15

2. Which of the following is NOT used to avoid redundant paths and potential loops
   within ports?

Answer 15

2. D. The common methods to avoid redundant paths and potential loops within
   ports include blocking, disabled, forwarding, learning, and listening. Jamming is
   not one of the methods employed.

Question 16

2. D. The common methods to avoid redundant paths and potential loops within
   ports include blocking, disabled, forwarding, learning, and listening. Jamming is
   not one of the methods employed.

Answer 16

3. Hubs and switches have two types of ports: Medium-Dependent Interface
   (MDI) and Medium-Dependent Interface Crossed (MDI-X).

Question 17

3. What is convergence?

Answer 17

3. Convergence represents the time it takes routers to detect change on the
   network.

Question 18

____ are used in networks that use twisted-pair cabling to connect devices. They also
can be joined to create larger networks. They are simple devices that direct
data packets to all devices connected to the hub, regardless of whether the
data package is destined for the device.

Answer 18

hubs

Question 19

____ are used to divide larger networks into smaller sections. They
accomplish this by sitting between two physical network segments and managing
the flow of data between the two.

Answer 19

bridges

Question 20

____ assigns IP addresses, eliminating the need to individually assign IP addresses and making
the job of network administrators considerably easier. When a ___ server runs on a network, the workstation boots up and requests an IP address from the server. The server responds to the request and automatically assigns an IP address to the computer for a given period of time, known as a lease. The workstation acknowledges the receipt of the IP address, and the workstation has all the information it needs to become part of the network.

Answer 20

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

Question 21

_____ are used to route information outside the network, such as on the Internet. On the Internet, an it is required. It is also a distance-vector protocol commonly used between hosts on the Internet to exchange routing table information. BGP is an example this.

Answer 21

Exterior Gateway Protocols

EGPs

Question 22

_____ is a distance-vector routing protocol. It is
limited to a maximum of 15 hops. One of the downsides of the protocol
is that the original specification required router updates to be transmitted
every 30 seconds. On smaller networks this is acceptable; however,
this can result in a huge traffic load on larger networks

Answer 22

Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

Question 23

_____ is a protocol that enables routers to exchange information more
efficiently than earlier network protocols. It uses its neighbors to
help determine routing information. Routers configured to use it
keep copies of their neighbors’ routing information and query these
tables to help find the best possible route for transmissions to follow.
It also uses Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) to determine the best
route to a destination.

Answer 23

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing

Protocol (EIGRP)

Question 24

_____ is the router’s IP address, which is the pathway to any and
all remote networks. To get a packet of information from one network to
another, the packet is sent to the _____, which helps forward the
packet to its destination network.

Answer 24

DEFAULT GATEWAY

Question 25

A ___ is a networking device, either hardware- or software-based, that controls access to your organization’s network. This controlled access is designed to protect data and resources from an outside threat.

Answer 25

firewall

Question 26

A link-state protocol that discovers the shortest path for data to travel using the shortest path first (SPF) algorithm

Answer 26

Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS):

Question 27

A link-state routing protocol basedon the SPF (Shortest Path First) algorithm to find the least-cost path to any destination in the network.

Answer 27

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF):

Question 28

A routing protocol often associated with the Internet. ___ can be used between gateway hosts on the Internet. It examines the routing table, which contains a list of known routers, the addresses they can reach, and a cost metric associated with the path to each router so that the best available route is chosen. It communicates between the routers using TCP.

Answer 28

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

Question 29

An ___ identifies the protocols used to exchange routing information between routers within a LAN or interconnected LANs. It is not a protocol itself but describes a category of link-state routing protocols that support a single, confined geographic area such as a LAN. IGPs fall into two categories: distance-vector protocols, which include RIP and IGRP, and link-state protocols, which include OSPF and IS-IS.

Answer 29

Interior Gateway Protocols (IGP)

Question 30

As a heads-up, talking about STP refers to Layer 2 of the OSI model. Both bridges and switches work at Layer 2. Routers work at Layer 3.

Answer 30

KNOW THIS

Question 31

As discussed in Chapter 2, “OSI and TCP/IP Models and Network Protocols,” the term ____ is used to describe the logical grouping of data at the data link layer. A bridge works at Layer 2 (the data link layer) of the OSI model

Answer 31

frame

Question 32

authenticating users on a port-byport basis.

Answer 32

Port Authentication

Question 33

Before a data packet is forwarded, a chart is reviewed to determine the best possible path for the data to reach its destination. This chart is the computer’s _____.

Answer 33

Routing Tables

Question 34

enables a bridge or switch to dynamically work around loops in a network’s topology.

Answer 34

Spanning Tree Algorithm (STA)

Question 35

ExamAlert: If a change in the routing is made, it takes some time for the routers to detect and accommodate this change. This is known as convergence.

Answer 35

KNOW THIS

Question 36

ExamAlert Because hubs don’t perform any processing, they do little except enable communication between connected devices. For today’s high-demand network applications, something with a little more intelligence is required. That’s where switches come in.

Answer 36

KNOW THIS

Question 37

ExamAlert Know that “next hop” in routing is the next closest router that a packet can go through.

Answer 37

KNOW THIS

Question 38

ExamAlert Remember that a firewall can protect internal networks from public networks and control access between specific network segments.

Answer 38

KNOW THIS

Question 39

ExamAlert STP actively monitors the network, searching for redundant links. When it finds some, it shuts them down to prevent switching loops. STP uses STA to create a topology database to find and then remove the redundant links. With STP operating from the switch, data is forwarded on approved paths, which limits the potential for loops.

Answer 39

KNOW THIS

Question 40

ExamAlert Today, bridges are falling out of favor. Ethernet switches offer similar functionality; they can provide logical divisions, or segments, in the network. Switches are sometimes called multiport bridges because of how they operate

Answer 40

KNOW THIS

Question 41

having more than one path between two switches in a network is called:

Answer 41

switching loops

Question 42

In a ___ switching environment, the packet begins to be forwarded as soon as it is received. This method is fast, but it creates the possibility of errors being propagated through the network, because no error checking occurs.

Answer 42

cut-through

Question 43

In a _____ environment, routers use special routing protocols to communicate. The purpose of these protocols is simple: They enable routers to pass on information about themselves to other routers so that other routers can build routing tables

Answer 43

dynamic routing

Question 44

n a ____switching environment, enough of the packet is read so that the switch can determine whether the packet has been involved in a collision. As soon as the collision status has been determined, the packet is forwarded.

Answer 44

FragmentFree

Question 45

In Bridge Placements, bridges should be positioned in the network using the ____ rule. This rule dictates that __ of the data should be local and the other 20% should be destined for devices on the other side of the bridge.

Answer 45

80/20 80% 20%

Question 46

In computer networking, the term _____ refers to the use of multiple network cables or ports in parallel to increase the link speed beyond the limits of any one cable or port

Answer 46

trunking

Question 47

In Dynamic Routing, Two types of routing protocols are used They are:

Answer 47

distance-vector protocols and link-state protocols.

Question 48

In environments that use ____ , routes and route information are manually entered into the routing tables.

Answer 48

static routing

Question 49

So what’s the difference between OSPF and IS-IS protocols?

Answer 49

OSPF (a network layer protocol) is more often used in medium to large enterprise networks because of its specialtunneling features. IS-IS is more often used in large ISP networks because of its stability features and that it can support more router

Question 50

STP uses _______ to identify the status of ports and bridges across the network. These are simple data messages exchanged between switches. They contain information on ports and provide the status of those ports to other switches.

Answer 50

bridge protocol data units (BPDUs)

Question 51

Terms: specifies the maximum packet size permitted for Internet transmission.

Answer 51

specifies the maximum packet size permitted for Internet transmission.

Question 52

TERMS: the amount of time it takes for a packet to travel from one location to another.

Answer 52

Latency

Question 53

Terms: the number of hops necessary to reach a node. A hop count of infinity means the route is unreachable

Answer 53

Hop counts

Question 54

Terms: the numbers associated with traveling from point A to point B (often hops). The lower the total costs (the less links in the route), the more that route should be favored.

Answer 54

Costs

Question 55

The _____ command adds a static route to the routing table. The route add command with the ____ switch makes the static route persistent.

Answer 55

route add -P