NETWORK LAYER (LAYER 3)
CONCERNED WITH ROUTING AND FORWARDING TRAFFIC USING LOGICAL ADDRESSES
PACKET SWITCHING
DATA IS DIVIDED INTO PACKETS AND THEN FORWARDED
CIRCUIT SWITCHING
A DEDICATED COMMUNICATION LINK IS ESTABLISHED BETWEEN THE TWO DEVICES
MESSAGE SWITCHING
DATA IS DIVIDED INTO MESSAGES WHICH MAY BE STORED AND THEN FORWARDED
ROUTING PROTOCOLS
DECIDES HOW DATA FLOWS ACROSS A NETWORK AND HOW ROUTERS COMMUNICATE THAT DATA
DYNAMIC ROUTING PROTOCOLS
ENABLES ROUTERS TO SHARE AND UPDATE ROUTE INFORMATION
PACKET REORDERING
ENSURES DATA PACKETS ARRIVE AND ARE REASSEMBLED IN THE CORRECT ORDER
INTERNET CONTROL MESSAGE PROTOCOL (ICMP)
SENDS ERROR MESSAGES AND OPERATIONAL INFORMATION TO IP DESTINATIONS
PING
MOST COMMONLY USED ICMP
TRACEROUTE
TRACES THE ROUTE OF A PACKET THROUGH THE NETWORK
MULTI-LAYER SWITCH
SWITCH THAT COMBINES LAYER 2 SWITCH AND LAYER 3 ROUTER FEATURES