My Better CompTIA > Networking > Flashcards

Networking Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 essential Network Configuration Concepts

A
  • IP address
  • Subnet mask
  • Gateway
  • DNS
  • DHCP
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2
Q

What are IP address?

A

An Internet Protocol address (IP Address) is a logical numeric address that is assigned to every single device on a TCP/IP-based network

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3
Q

What is the goal of an IP address?

A

To be able to identify every node on a network

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4
Q

Can IP addresses change?

A

Yes

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5
Q

What are the two types of IP Adressing?

A

IPv4 and IPv6

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6
Q

How many bits are IPv4 Addresses made of?

A

32 bits

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7
Q

How many possible IP combinations can we make with IPv4

A

4.2 billion addresses

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8
Q

What is an IPv4 address example?

A

192.168.1.15
4 numbers separated by 3 decimals

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9
Q

What does an IPv4 address consist of (structure wise)

A

Network ID (first 3 numbers)
Host ID (4th number)

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10
Q

What does the first three numbers in a IPv4 structure denote?

A

Network ID

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11
Q

What does the last number in a IPv4 structure represent?

A

Host ID

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12
Q

How many bits is each number in an IPv4 structure made up of?

A

8 bits (as in total for the 4 numbers we have 32 bits)

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13
Q

What is a subnet mask?

A

Used by the TCP/IP protocol to determine what subnet a host is on

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14
Q

What is subnet short for?

A

Sub network

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15
Q

Can the host ID always be used to identify the host?

A

No, does not always identify, the subnet mask does

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16
Q

How many bits is a subnet mask?

A

32 bit number

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17
Q

How do you calculate the network address using IP address and subnet mask?

A
  1. Convert IP address and Subnet mask in decimal format
  2. For all the 1’s in the same position for both IP and Subnet
  3. Assign that to the network address
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18
Q

How is the host address calculated using IP address, subnet mask and network address?

A

It is the remainder after calculating the network address

(
1. Convert IP address and Subnet mask in decimal format
2. For all the 1’s in the same position for both IP and Subnet
3. Assign that to the network address
)

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19
Q

How many IPv4 network classes are there?

A

5:
A
B
C
D (These last two aren’t commonly used)
E

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20
Q

What is the first Octet for a class A IPv4 network?

A

1-126

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21
Q

What is the first Octet for a class B IPv4 network?

A

128-191

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22
Q

What is the first Octet for a class C IPv4 network?

A

192-223

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23
Q

What is the goal of IPv4 network classes?

A

To know how many networks or hosts you can have on an IP

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24
Q

What is the best way to identify what class an IP address is in?

A

Identifying what range the first Octet is in:
A: 1-126
B: 128-191
C: 192-223

OR

What subnet is used:
A: 255.0.0.0
B: 255.255.0.0
C: 255.255.255.0

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25
What is a more advance way for calculating subnets instead of IPv4 classes?
CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing)
26
What happens when you run out of IPv4 addresses?
You get assigned a Private address as you can't have one public address for each device. These private addresses are not routed to the internet
27
How does a private address connect to the internet?
Network address translation (NAT)
28
How does NAT work?
Router will remap (translate) private address to a public IP address as we go on the internet. This allows one public address to be assigned to a house and all private addresses in the house uses the one public address to connect to the internet
29
How can you identify a private network address
If the address starts with: 10. 172.16. 192.168.
30
Was there ever an IPv5?
Yes, but it was experimental and not widely adopted
31
What was the main goal of IPv6?
To not run out of addresses like IPv4
32
How many bits are there in IPv6
128
33
How is IPv6 represented?
Hexadecimal
34
Can IPv6 coexsit with IPv4?
Yes
35
How many blocks is an IPv6 structure diveded into?
8 16 bit blocks. (Think how hexadecimal has a base of 16)
36
How does a hexadecimal address look like?
2001:000:3238:DFE1:0063:0000:0000:FEFB
37
How are IPv6 hexadecimal format addresses shortened?
1. Remove leading Zero(es) 2. Replace consecutive zeroes with double colon sign (can only be replaced once) 3. Replace blocks of zero with a single one
38
Is IPv6 the global standard?
No
39
What are the two ways to configure your device to getting an IP address?
Static or Dynamic
40
How is a static IP address assigned?
For each device you manually specify the information of IP address, subnet mask, etc
41
How is a dynamic IP address assigned?
It is automatically done for you (DHCP)
42
Do DHCP addresses expire?
Yes, after a set amount of time (configuration)
43
What does the DHCP do?
It's how the dynamic IP address assigns IPs. Every time a device connects to a network the DHCP checks and assigns it an IP address
44
What happens if you frequently connect to a dynamic configured network?
An IP address gets resevered for you, but otherwise it just goes back to the pool of available addresses.
45
What is the DHCP scope?
A range of possible ip addresses that you can assign
46
What is the lease of an dynamic address?
How long an IP address is reserved for a device.
47
What happens if you connect to a network when DHCP is not available?
Your device will assign itself an IP address (Automatic Private IP address (APIPA)).
48
What does an APIPA/link-local allocated address allow you to do on a network?
Communicate locally only.
49
What range for IPv4 can be assigned using APIPA?
Anything inbetween 169.254.0.1-169.254.255.254
50
What range for IPv6 can be assigned using APIPA?
fe80::/64. Any group starting with fe80 followed by 54 zeros, but the last 64 bits are the unique identifier or host id
51
What is the role of DNS?
Translates domain names to IP addresses
52
What is a gateway?
A device located at the boundary of a network. Manages all inflow/outflow data for a network.
53
What is the purpose of a gateway
Transfer communication between local network and the internet.
54
What is an example of a gateway on a home network?
Router
55
What are the two common network protocols used to send data from one device to another?
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
56
What is TCP?
A connection-oriented protocol. Requires an established connection to transmit data
57
How does the transmission control protocol work?
1. A connection is first established 2. Data is sent either one way or both ways 3. After transmission is complete connection is terminated?
58
What is the main focus of TCP?
Reliability
59
How is TCP reliable?
- It has built in systems to check for errors - It has guarantees in place that ensure data will be delivered in the right order - Can retransmit lost packets
60
What is TCP good for?
Sending: - Images - Data files - Viewing web pages - E-mails - Anything information that requires the confirmation of content
61
What type of protocol is UDP?
Connection-less protocol.
62
How does UDP work at its core?
Data is continuously sent to the recipient, whether or not they receive it.
63
Why is UDP not as reliable as TCP?
No error checking or confirmation. - Does not guarantee delivery of data - No re-transmisison of lost packets - Basic error checking
64
What is UDP good for?
- Real time communication - Live broadcasting - Online multiplayer games
65
Summarize UDP?
Connection less protocol with no requirements for opening, maintaining or terminating a connection
66
What is faster TCP or UDP?
UDP
67
When do we use TCP?
When we need to know when all data is transmitted
68
When do we use UDP?
When speed is the priority over receiving all data
69
What is a network port?
A port is a virtual point where network connections start and end
70
What is FTP?
Used to move files from one system to another
71
What port does TCP use?
TCP 20/21
72
What is Secure Shell (SSH)?
A cryptographic network protocol for securely accessing and managing remote computers over unsecured networks
73
What port does SSH use?
TCP port 22
74
What is Telnet protocol?
Provides access to virtual terminals of remote systems on local area networks or the Internet
75
What type of connection does Telnet provide?
Unsecured connections, which is bad for public networks
76
What port does Telnet use?
TCP port 23
77
What is the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)?
Used to transfer e-mail between mail services. Also used when end-users send an e-mail to a mail system (e.g. Gmail)
78
What port does SMTP use?
TCP port 25
79
What type of networks does DNS support?
Public and private
80
What port does DNS use?
TCP/UDP port 53
81
What port does DHCP use?
UDP port 67/68
82
Why do we use UDP over TCP for DHCP?
- Makes it quicker for IP allocation - Also there's no initial IP address to use TCP for
83
What is the Hypertext Transfer Protocol?
Used to display web pages
84
What is the vulnerability of HTTP?
Data transfer is unsecured / unencrypted
85
What port does HTTP use?
TCP port 80
86
What port does HTTPS use?
TCP Port 443
87
What is the Post Office Protocol (POP) version 3?
Used to retrieve emails from a server
88
How is HTTPS encryption done?
Via SSL or TLS
89
What port does POP v3 use?
TCP port 110
90
What is the Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)?
Used to retrieve email from a server
91
How does IMAP compare to POP3?
IMAP keeps emails on server and syncs across all devices. You can sync emails across multiple devices. POP3 deletes the mail from the server once it’s been retrieved
92
What port does IMAP use?
TCP port 143
93
What is Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Used by network administrators as a method of collecting and organizing information about managed devices on a network.
94
What ports does SNMP use?
TCP/UDP Ports 161 and 162
95
What is NetBIOS over TCIP/IP (NetBT)?
Central protocol used to interconnect Microsoft Windows devices.
96
What port does NetBT use?
Communicates on TCP/UDP 137/138/139
97
What is the lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)?
Used for accessing and maintaining distributed directory information
98
What port does LDAP use?
Uses TCP/UDP Port 389
99
What is Server Message Block (SMB)?
a client-server network protocol used to provide shared access to files, printers, and serial ports across nodes on a network, primarily within Windows environments
100
What is common Internet File System (CIFS)?
A more specialized implementation of SMB.
101
What port does SMB use?
TCP port 445
102
What is Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)?
View the remove desktop of a device across the network.
103
What port does RDP use?
TCP port 3389
104
If a IP is begins with 169.254.x.x what does this signify?
That there has been a DHCP failureD
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