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Neuro Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. Name the structure?
  2. What type of stimuli is the structure responsible for processing?
A
  1. Pulvinar part of thalamus
  2. Visual
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2
Q
  1. Name the structure?
  2. What artery supplies this structure?
  3. What is the specific embryonic origin of this structure?
  4. What substances are produced by this structure?
  5. What is the function of this structure?
A
  1. Pineal Gland/ body
  2. Posterior Cerebral artery
  3. Neural ectoderm; root of Diencephalon
  4. Melatonin and Serotonin
  5. Maintains circadian rhythms

Melatonin controls sleep wake function of body
Serotonin in synthesised by tryptophan, its a neurotransmitter that important in happiness and well being.
Also play in role in auditory hallucinations in temporal lobe of brain in schizophrenics.

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3
Q
  1. Name the structure?
  2. This structure is associated with which sensory pathway?
A
  1. Superior colliculi
  2. Visual sensory

Superior Colliculi aka Optic tectum.
Part of midbrain.
Superficial layers are sensory (eyes)
Deep layers are motor (eves)

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4
Q
  1. Name the structure?
  2. This structure is associated with which sensory pathway?
  3. What are the three subdivisions of this structure?
A
  1. Inferior Colliculus
  2. Auditory pathway
  3. Central Nucleus, dorsal cortex, external cortex
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5
Q
  1. Name the structure?
  2. What tracts are specific to the medial, middle and lateral aspect of this structure?
A
  1. Crus Cerebri
  2. Medial - frontopontine, middle - corticonuclear, corticospinal, lateral - temperopontine, occipitopontine, parietopontine

Frontal cortex is medial to brain so frontopontine is medial
Temporal lobe is lateral so temperopontine

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6
Q
  1. Name the structure?
  2. Where is the nucleus of this structure located?
  3. What is the specific structure targeted by this nerve?
A
  1. Trochlear nerve CN4
  2. Midbrain, level of Inferior Colliculus
  3. Superior Oblique Muscle, passing through superior orbital fissure

Trochlear Nerve:
Contains least # of axons
Has greatest intrcranial length
Only nerve on dorsal aspect of brainstem
Only cranial nerve innervating a muscle on contralateral side.

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7
Q
  1. Name the structure?
  2. The efferents conveyed by this structure are derived from which three nuclei?
  3. This structure connects which two structures in the CNS?
A
  1. Superior Cerebellar Peduncle
  2. Dentate, emboliform, globose
  3. Midbrain to cerebellum
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8
Q
  1. Name the structure?
  2. What fibers run through this structure?
  3. This structure connects which two structures in the CNS?
A
  1. Middle Cerebellar Peduncle
  2. Centripetal fibers from pontine nucleus
  3. Pons to cerebellum
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9
Q
  1. Name the structure?
  2. What fibers run through this structure?
  3. This structure connects which two structures in the CNS?
A
  1. Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle
  2. Dorsal Spinocerebellar, axons of inferior olivary nucleus
  3. Medulla to cerebellum
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10
Q

Sensory Decussation of Gracile and Cuneate Leminiscus
Superior to motor decussation

A
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11
Q

Motor Decussation
The two pyramids contain the motor fibers that pass from the brain to the medulla oblongata and spinal cord.
These are the corticobulbar and corticospinal fibers that make up the pyramidal tracts.
About 90% of these fibers leave the pyramids in successive bundles and decussate (cross over) in the anterior median fissure of the medulla oblongata as the pyramidal decussation or motor decussation.
Having crossed over at the middle line, they pass down in the posterior part of the lateral funiculus as the lateral corticospinal tract. The other 10% of the fibers stay uncrossed in the anterior corticospinal tract. The pyramidal decussation marks the border between the spinal cord and the medulla oblongata. [1]

A
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12
Q
  1. Name the structure?
A

Striae Medullares
Winding around the inferior peduncle in the lower part of the fourth ventricle, and crossing the area acustica and the medial eminence are a number of white strands, the medullary striae, which form a portion of the cochlear division of the vestibulocochlear nerve and disappear into the median sulcus.

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13
Q

Name the structure?

A

Hypoglossal Triangle

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14
Q
  1. Name the structure?
A

Vagal Triangle

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15
Q
  1. Name the structure?
  2. This structure acts as a relay between which two structures?
  3. This structure is associated with which sensory system?
  4. This structure is supplied by which artery?
A
  1. Medial geniculate body
  2. Inferior Colliculi and Auditory Cortex
  3. Auditory
  4. Striata arteries; from middle cerebral arteries
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16
Q
  1. Name the structure?
  2. This structure acts as a relay between which two structures?
  3. This structure is associated with which sensory system?
  4. This structure is supplied by which two arteries?
  5. This structure is drained by which vein?
A
  1. Lateral Geniculate Body
  2. Superior Colliculus and Visual Cortex
  3. Visual
  4. Anterior Choroidal, Posterior cerebral
  5. Terminal Vein
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17
Q
  1. Name the structure?
  2. What substance is principally synthesised in this structure?
  3. This structure is associated with what type of response?
A
  1. Locus Coeruleus
  2. Norepinephrine
  3. LC receives input from Medial PFC, Hypothalamus, Outputs to amygdala, hippocampus, cerebellum etc
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18
Q
  1. Name the structure?
  2. This structure is associated with what neural structures?
  3. A lesion on this structure would result in what type of abnormality on which structures, state if it would be ipsi /contralateral?
A
  1. Facial Colliculus
  2. Motor nucelus of facial nerve
  3. Ipsilateral facial paralysis, unopposed eye medial deviation
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19
Q
  1. Name the structure?
  2. This structure is associated with what tract of which nerve?
A
  1. Tuberculum Cinereum
  2. Spinal tract of trigeminal nerve

Tuberculum Cinereum
C uneate Tubercle
Gracile tubercule

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20
Q
  1. Name the structure?
  2. The sensation carried by this pathway is responsible for what type of sensory information?
  3. This structure receives sensory information from the level of what vertebrae, state whether superior or inferior to the level.
  4. What structures in field specified above does not carry sensory information to this structure?
A
  1. Cuneate Tubercle
  2. Propioception, fine touch, vibration
  3. Superior to T6
  4. Face and ear

Dorsal ascending tract;
Neurohighway of sorts, fast conduction, heavily myelinated nerves

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21
Q
  1. Name the structure?
  2. This pathway is responsible for what type of sensory information?
  3. This structure receives sensory information from the level of what vertebrae, state whether superior or inferior to the level.
A
  1. Gracile Tubercle
  2. Propioception, fine touch, vibration
  3. Inferior to T6

Dorsal ascending tract;
Neurohighway of sorts, fast conduction, heavily myelinated nerves

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22
Q
  1. Name the structure?
  2. The sensation carried by this pathway is responsible for what type of sensory information?
  3. This structure ascends form which aspect of the spinal cord?
  4. This structure receives sensory information from the level of what vertebrae, state whether superior or inferior to the level.
A
  1. Fasciculus Cuneatus
  2. propioception, fine touch, vibration
  3. Dorsal
  4. Superior to T6

Fasciculus is round grouping of nerve fibres
Leminiscus is flat grouping of nerve fibres
Tubercle may describe a round nodule, small eminence

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23
Q
  1. Name the structure?
  2. The sensation carried by this pathway is responsible for what type of sensory information?
  3. This structure ascends form which aspect of the spinal cord?
  4. This structure receives sensory information from the level of what vertebrae, state whether superior or inferior to the level.
A
  1. Fasciculus Gracalis
  2. propioception, fine touch, vibration
  3. Dorsal
  4. inferior T6
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24
Q
  1. Name the structure?
  2. This structure is supplied by which artery?
A
  1. Dentate Nucleus
  2. Superior Cerebellar Artery
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25
1. Name the structure?
Vestibular Area; floor of 4th ventricle
26
1. Identify this structure. 2. Identify the arteries bringing blood to this structure. Identify the veins taking blood away from this structure. 4. How many nerves are attached to this structure?
1. Spinal Cord 2. Anterior spinal artery, posterior spinal arteries, deep cervical arteries, ascending cervical artery, posterior intercostal arteries, lumbar arteries, anterior/posterior radicular arteries 3. Internal vertebral venous plexus, azygous vein, inferior vena cava 4. 31 pairs of spinal nerve, 1 pair of spinal part of accessory nerve
27
1. What is the embryonic origin of this structure? 2. What is the average length of this structure and its canal respectively? 3. Specify during which month of intrauterine life this structure occupies the entire length of its canal
1. Neural Ectoderm (neural tube) 2. Males 45-70cm, Females 42-60cm 3. 3rd month Humans have 31 left-right pairs of spinal nerves, each roughly corresponding to a segment of thevertebral column: 8 cervical spinal nerve pairs (C1-C7), 12 thoracic pairs (T1-T12), 5 lumbar pairs (L1-L5), 5 sacral pairs (S1-S5), and 1 coccygeal pair.
28
1. Specify the locations and size of the enlargements related to this structure. 2. Account for these enlargements. 3. At what level do this structure end in adults and infants respectively?
1. Cervical (C3-T2) 38mm, Lumbosacral (L2-S31 35mm 2. Cervical - Brachial plexus (upper limbs) , Lumbosacral - lumbosacral plexus (lower limbs) 3. L1 adults, L3 infants
29
1. What is the name of the tapering lower part of the spinal cord highlighted above? 2. What is the name of the collection of nerves surrounding the structure identified above?
1. Conus Medullaris (spinal nerves) 2. Cauda Equine (spinal nerves)
30
1. Identify the middle covering of the spinal cord highlighted. 2. What is the embryonic origin of this structure? 3. At what level does this structure terminate?
1. Arachnoid Matter 2. Neural Crest 3. S2
31
1. Identify the outermost covering of the spinal cord highlighted. 2. What is the embryonic origin of this structure? 3. What are the two layers of this structure and what specific structures do they envelope? 4. At what level does this structure terminate?
1. Dura Matter 2. Paraxial Mesoderm 3. Outer periosteal (endocranium), inner meningeal (spinal dura mater) 4. S2
32
1. Identify the innermost covering of the spinal cord highlighted. 2. What is the embryonic origin of this structure?
1. Pia Matter 2. Neural Crest cells
33
1. Identify this structure. 2. What is the average length of this structure? 3. This structure is an extension of what layer of meninges? 4. Account for the position of the upper part of this structure? 5. This structure penetrates meninges at what level? 6. Where does this structure terminate?
1. Filum Terminale 2. 20cm 3. Pia Matter 4. 15cm between arachnoid and dura matter 5. s2 6. Dorsal surface 1st coccygeal vertebrae
34
1. Identify this structure. 2. How many pairs of these structures are present normally? 3. What is the specific location of this structure reference spinal roots? 4. Regarding the first of the identified structure, what is its posterior relationship? 5. Regarding the first of the identified structure, what is its anterior relationship?
1. Ligamentum Dentriculatum 2. 21 pairs 3. In between ventral and dorsal roots 4. Accessory nerve, spinal part 5. 2nd part of vertebral artery. Made up of pia matter Anchors SC to AM and DM Provides stability against motion.
35
1. Identify this structure A. 2. Identify this structure B. 3. Identify this structure C.
1. Optic Nerve 2. Optic Chiasm 3. Optic Tract
36
1. Identify this structure. 2. What is the embryonic origin of this structure? 3. What tracts are specific to the medial, middle and lateral aspect of this structure?
1. Crus Cerebri 2. Mesencephalon 3. Medial-frontopontine, Middle- corticospinal/nuclear, parietopontine, Lateral- temperopontine, occipitopontine,
37
1. Identify this structure.
Mamillary bodies, connected to hippocampus by fornix Mamillary bodies are part of DIENCEPHALON Part of HYPOTHALAMAS Part of limbic system 2 nuclei; medial and lateral mamillary.
38
1. Identify this structure. 2.What is the embryonic origin of this structure? 3. By what means is this structure connected to the cerebellar, specify the structure and fibers running through it? 4. Identify the cranial nerve nuclei in this structure.
1. Pons 2. Metencephalon from Rhombencephalon 3. Middle cerebellar peduncle, cortico cerebellopontine fibers 4. 5 Trigeminal, 6 Abducent, 7 Facial, 8 Vestibulocochlear
39
1. Identify this structure. 2. State what groove this structure traverses
1. Basilar artery 2. Sulcus Basilaris
40
1. Identify this structure. 2. What is the embryonic origin of this structure? 3. What cranial nerves correspond to the posterolateral sulcus of this structure?
1. Medulla 2. Myelencephalon 3. 9, 10, cranial part of 11
41
1. Identify the structure demarcated by the line shown. 2. What nerve structure of which nerve emerges from this demarcation?
1. Anterolateral Sulcus 2. Hypoglossal Rootlets
42
1. Identify this structure.
Medullary Olive olivocerebellar fibres
43
1. Identify this structure. 2. What tracts traverses this structure.
1. Medullary Pyramid 2. Corticospinal, corticobulbar tracts
44
1. Name the structure identified as 1. 2. Name the parts of the identified structure. 3. Give its immediate superior relation. 4. Give its immediate inferior relation. 5. Name its lateral extensions and state where on the identified structure they are found.
1. Corpus Callosum 2. Rostrum, Genu, body, spleenium 3. Indusium Griseum 4. Central part of lateral ventricle 5. Anterior - forceps minor, Middle - Tapetum, Posterior - forceps major
45
1. In the structure identified as 1, what specific blood vessel is its superior surface related to? 2. In the structure identified as 1, it is an example of what type of fibers?
1. Anterior Cerebral Artery 2. Commissure fibres (right to left)
46
1. Name the structure identified as 2.
Fornix Connects hippocampus to mammillary body and thalamus
47
1. Name the structure identified as 3. 2. What structure, together with the identified structure accounts for the dorsal striate nucleus/neostriatum/striatum? 3. What are the three divisions of the identified structure? 4. Identify its afferent connections. 5. Identify its efferent connections.
1. Caudate Nucleus 2. Putamen 3. Head (caput), body (corpus), tail (cauda) 4. Corticostriate, nigrostriate, thalmostriate 5. Striatopallidal, striatonigral
48
1. Name the structure identified as 4. 2. Identify the three main nuclear groups of the identified structure. 3. What is the main function of the identified structure? 4. A stroke to this area results in what condition? 5. List two afferent connections. 6. List two efferent connections.
1. Thalamus 2. Anterior, Medial and Lateral 3. Relay of motor/sensory afferents/efferents to/from cerebral cortex, regulates consciousness, sleep and alertness 4. Thalamic Syndrome aka Dejerine-Roussy syndrome 5. Corticothalamic, palladothalamic 6. THalmocortical, thalamofrontal
49
1. Name the structure identified as 5.
Midbrain
50
1. Name the specific structure identified as 6. 2. Identify the associated nucleus. 3. What fibers can be found in this structure?
1. Pons; ventral/ basilar part 2. Pontine Nucleus 3. Corticopontine, pontocerebellar, corticospinal, corticobulbar
51
1. Name the structure identified as 7. 2. What are the morphological lobes of the structure identified? 3. Identify the nuclear groups of this structure from medial to lateral.
1. Cerebellum 2. The flocculonodular lobe, the anterior lobe (rostral to the "primary fissure"), and the posterior lobe (dorsal to the "primary fissure") 3. fastigii , globose, emboliform, dentate
52
Name the structure identified as 8.
Medulla
53
1. Name the structure identified as 8.
Medulla
54
1. Name the structure identified as 9.
Spinal cord
55
1. At what level through the cerebrum is this section taken? 2. Identify the specific structure labelled 1. 3. Identify the structure labelled 2. 4. Identify the structure labelled 5. 5. Identify the specific structure labelled 8. 6. Identify the structure labelled 10.
1. The level of interventricular foramen 2. Genu of Corpus Callosum 3. Septum Pellucidum 4. Column of Fornix 5. Spleenium of Corpus callosum 6 Crus of Fornix
56
1. Identify the specific structure labelled 3. 2. Identify one afferent fiber of this structure. 3. Identify one efferent fiber of this structure.
Caudate Nucleus Cortico striate, thalamo striate, nigro striate , Striato pallidal , Striato nigral
57
1. Identify the specific space labelled 4 2. Give its developmental origin.
Anterior horn of lateral Ventricle Central Canal of neural tube
58
1. Identify the structure labelled 6.
thalamus
59
1. Identify the structure labelled 7. 2. Give its subdivisions. 3. Give its afferent fibers. 4. Give its efferent fibers.
1. Lentiform Nucleus 2. Putamen, globus pallidus externas, globus pallidus internus 3. Corticostriatal, nigrastriatal 4. striatonigral, striatalpallidal
60
1. Identify the structure labelled 9. 2. Identify the structure labelled 11. 3. Identify the vessels lining the structure labelled 11.
1. Tail of caudate nucleus (goes to amygdala) 2. Insular cortex 3. short perforator branches from the superior division of the middle cerebral artery (MCA)
61
1. Identify the structure labelled 12 2. What type of meninges covers this structure? 3. What is the main function of this structure? 4. In which ventricular structures is this structure present? 5. In which ventricular structures is this structure absent?
1. Choroid Plexus 2. Pia Mater 3. Produces SF in ventricles of brain 4. Lateral 5. cerebral aqueduct, frontal horn of the lateral ventricle, [1] and occipital horn of the lateral ventricle
62
1. Identify the specific structure labelled 13. 2. What fibers can be found in this structure?
1. Posterior Limb of Internal Capsule 2. Corticospinal Fibres
63
1. Identify the specific structure labelled 14. 2. What fibers can be found in this structure?
1. Anterior Limb of internal capsule 2. Frontopontine, thalamocortical
64
1. Identify the structure labelled 1. 2. Identify the structure labelled 2. 3. Identify the structure labelled 3 4. Identify the structure labelled 4. 5. Identify the specific structure labelled 6.
1. Head of Caudate 2. Globus pallidus of lentiform nucleus 3. Putamen of lentiform Nucleus 4. Thalamus 5. Genu of corpus callosum
65
1. Identify the specific structure labelled 7. 2. Identify the specific structure labelled 8. 3. Identify the specific structure labelled 9. 4. Identify the specific structure labelled 11. 5. Identify the structure labelled 14.
1. Anterior Limb of internal Capsule, frontopontine, thalamocortical 2. Genu of Internal Capsule 3. Posterior limb of Internal capsule, corticospinal 4. Spleenium of corpus callosum 5. Insular cortex
66
1. Identify the structure labelled 5. 2. What is the immediate medial relation of the identified structure? 3. What is the immediate lateral relation of the identified structure?
1. Claustrum thin, irregular, sheet-like neuronal structure hidden beneath the inner surface of the neocortex in the general region of the insula. Its function is enigmatis 2. Putamen 3. Insular Cortex
67
1. Identify the structure labelled 10. 2. Where does this structure commence? 3. Where does this structure end? 4. From the cavity of lateral ventricle, what layers must be traversed in order to access the structure labelled 10?
1. Optic Radiation 2. Lateral Geniculate body 3. Primary visual cortex (calcarine fissure) 4. Ependymal layer, Tapetal layer
68
1. Identify the specific space labelled 12. 2. What is the embryonic origin of this structure? 3. Identify the specific space labelled 13. 4. What is the embryonic origin of this structure?
1. Anterior horn of lateral ventricle 2. Cavity of telencephalic vesicle 3. Posterior horn of lateral ventricle 4. Neural tube
69
1. Identify the structure labelled 1. 2. Identify the structure labelled 2. 3. Identify the structure labelled 3. 4. Identify the structure labelled 4.
1. Frontal 2. Parietal 3. Occipital 4. Temporal
70
1. Identify the highlighted structure. 2. What is the primary function of this structure? 3. Identify this structure with regard to Brodman's Area.
Precentral Gyrus Primary motor area Area 4
71
1. Identify the highlighted structure 2. What is the primary function of this structure 3. Identify this structure with regard to broadmans area
1. Postcentral gyrus 2. Somatosensory area 3. 3,1,2
72
1. Identify the highlighted structure. 2. Identify this structure with regard to Brodman's Area.
1. Premotor cortex 2. 6
73
1. Identify the specific highlighted structure. 2. Identify this structure with regard to Brodman's Area. 3. What is the function of this area
1. Frontal eye field 2. 8 3. Non tracking, voluntary eye movements
74
1. Identify the highlighted structure. 2. Identify this structure with regard to Brodman's Area.
1. Superior Frontal Gyrus 2. 8.9
75
1. Identify the highlighted structure. 2. Identify this structure with regard to Brodman's Area.
1. Middle frontal gyrus 2. 46
76
1. Identify the highlighted structure. 2. Identify this structure with regard to Brodman's Area.
1. Inferior Frontal Gyrus 2. 44,45,47 BROCAS
77
1. Identify the highlighted structure. 2. Identify which specific gyrus is located on the upper surface of this structure. 3. Together, the two structures identified account for what specific area of the cerebrum? 4. What is the Brodman's classification for this specific area.
1. Superior temporal gyrus 2. Anterior Transverse Temporal Gyrus 3. Primary auditory cortex 4. 41, 42 UNCUS AND AREA 43 DEEP TO THIS, TASTE
78
1. Identify the highlighted structure. 2. Identify this structure with regard to Brodman's Area.
1. Middle Temporal Gyrus 2. 21
79
1. Identify the highlighted structure. 2. Identify this structure with regard to Brodman's Area.
1. Inferior temporal gyrus 2. 20
80
1. Identify the structure.
Longitudinal Fissue RELATED TO SUPERIOR SAGGITAL SINUS OF CALVARIA Many cerebral veins pierce duramatter here and drain posteriorly into Confluence near straight sinus
81
1. Identify the highlighted structure. 2. This is an example of what type of sulcus?
Central Sulcus Limiting Sulcus
82
1. Identify the highlighted structure. 2. Identify the three extensions of this structure from posterior to anterior.
1. Lateral Sulcus 2. Posterior ramus, anterior vertical ramus, anterior horizontal ramus
83
1. Identify the highlighted (elevations) structures. 2. Name the cortical area present in 1 and 2. 3. What is the Brodman's number of 1,2,3?
1. 1 pars opercularis, 2pars triangularis, 3pars orbitalis 2. Broca's motor speech area 3. 44,45
84
1. Identify the highlighted structure.
Post Central Sulcus
85
1. Identify the highlighted structure.
Precentral Sulcus
86
1. Identify the highlighted structure.
Superior Frontal Sulcus
87
1. Identify the highlighted structure.
Inferior frontal sulcus
88
1. Identify the highlighted structure.
Superior Temporal Sulcus
89
1. Identify the highlighted structure.
Inferior Temporal Sulcus
90
1. Identify the highlighted structure. 2. Name the structure directly related to the superior surface of this structure.
1. Corpus calosum 2. Insidium Griseum
91
1. Identify the highlighted space
Central part of Lateral Ventricle
92
1. Identify the highlighted Structure. 2. This is an example of what type of sulcus?
1. Parietooccipital Sulcus 2. Secondary Sulcus
93
1. Identify the highlighted Structure. 2. This is an example of what type of sulcus? 3. Justify your answer
1. Calcarine Sulcus 2. Axial sulcus 3. Separates inferior and superior visual areas
94
1. Identify the highlighted area.
Lingual Gyrus
95
1. Identify the highlighted area.
cerebrum, either area 4 or 6 (more likely 6)
96
1. Identify the highlighted area.
Cingulate gyrus
97
1. Identify the highlighted sulcus.
Post central Sulcus
98
1. Identify the highlighted area. 2. What is the function of this area?
1. PostCentral Gyrus 2. sensory
99
1. Identify the highlighted area.
Collateral Sulcus
100
1. Identify the highlighted (red) area. 2. What structure is the black arrow pointing to? 3. What structure is the blue arrow pointing to? 4. What structure is the green arrow pointing to?
1. Occipitotemporal Sulcus 2. Parahippocampal Gyrus/ uncus 3. Medial Occipitotemporal gyrus 4. Lateral Occipitotemporal gyrus
101
1. What is the name giving to this structure? 2. What structures are present in the lateral grooves of this structure?
1. Skull Cap or Calvaria 2. Middle Meningeal Vessels
102
1. What is the name giving to this structure?
Superior Saggital Sinus
103
1. Identify the spaces labelled.
Anterior Cranial Fossa, Middle Cranial Fossa, Posterior Cranial Fossa
104
1. Identify the elevation. 2. What is the function of this structure?
1. Frontal Crest and Crista Galli 2. Attachment of Falx Cerebri, olfactory bulbs run lateral to it.
105
1. Identify the elevation. 2. What is the function of this structure?
1. Foramen caecum 2. it transmits the emissary vein from the nose to the superior sagittal sinus. This has clinical importance in that infections of the nose and nearby areas can be transmitted to the meninges and brain from what is known as the danger triangle of the face.
106
1. Identify the elevation. 2. What is the function of this structure? 3. What structures are immediately lateral to this elevation? 4. This structure is perforated by what structures?
1. Crista Galli 2. Attachment of falx cerebri 3. Olfactory bulbs 4. Olfactory nerve rootlets
107
1. Identify the depression. 2. What structure is traversed through this depression if it is patent? 3. The structure identified in 2. connects which two areas? 4. When this structure is clinical significance if this structure is patent?
1. Foramen caecum 2. Emissary veins 3. Nose to superior saggital sinus 4. Infection can spread; meningitis
108
1. Identify the structures.
ORBITAL PLATES of Anterior Cranial Fossa
109
1. Identify the structure.
Dorsum of sellae pituitary gland rests here. Macroadenoma of pituitary will be seen as deviation of this in X-Ray
110
1. Identify the structure. 2. Name the structures passing through it
1. Optic canal 2. Optic nerve and opthalmic artery
111
1. Identify the structure. 2. Name the structures passing through it
1. Optic canal 2. Optic nerve and opthalmic artery
112
1. Identify the structure. 2. What structure islodged here?
Hypophysial Fossa Pituitary Gland
113
1. Identify the structure. 2. What structure is lodged here?
1. Internal occipital crest 2. Falx cerebri attachment
114
1. Identify the structure. 2. What structures traverse this canal
1. Foramen Rotundum 2. Maxilliary nerve, V2 off trigeminal M.R Triangle R.O.S.L
115
1. Identify the structure. 2. What structure traverses this canal?
1. Superior Orbital Fissure 2. CN3,4,5 V1 off trigeminal, opthalmic artery
116
1. Identify the structure. 2. What structure traverses this canal?
1. Foramen Spinosum 2. Middle Meningeal Artery, Meningeal branch of Mandibular Nerve Foramen Ovale (red arrow) Accessory Meningeal Artery, v3 c5 Mandibular Nerve, Lesser Superficial Vitrosal nerve, Emissiary nerve
117
1. Identify the structure. 2. What structure traverses this canal?
1. Foramen Lacerum 2. The artery of pterygoid canal, the nerve of pterygoid canal. Internal carotid runs superiorly not through.
118
1. Identify the structure. 2. What produces this structure?
1. Petrous Crest 2. Sphenoid and occipital bones Arcuate Eminence due to Superior Semicircular Canal.
119
1. Identify the structure. 2. What structures traverse this canal?
1. Internal Acoustic Meatus 2. transmits the vestibulocochlear nerve, the facial nerve, and the labyrinthine artery (an internal auditory branch of the basilar artery). It also contains the vestibular ganglion. CN 7 & 8
120
1. Identify the structure. 2. What are the subdivisions of this structure? 3. What structures traverse these subdivisions?
1. Jugular Foramen, CN 9,10, 11 2. Anterior Intermediate, posterior 3. The anterior compartment transmits the inferior petrosal sinus and glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) The intermediate transmits the vagus and accessory nerves (aka cranial nerves number X, and XI respectively). The posterior transmits the sigmoid sinus (becoming the internal jugular vein) and some meningeal branches from the occipital and ascending pharyngeal arteries.
121
1. Identify the canal. 2. What structures traverse this canal?
1. Hypoglossal canal 2. Hypoglossal Nerve
122
1. Identify the canal. 2. What structures traverse this canal?
1. Formaen Magnum 2. Spinal cord, CN11 accessory, vertebral arteries.
123
1. Name the structures 1-12. 2. Identify the structure labelled 13 3. Identify the structure labelled 14 4. Identify the structure labelled 15 5. Identify the structure labelled 16
1. Cranial nerves 1-12 2. Internal Carotid Artery 3. Superior pectrosal sinus 4. sigmoid sinus 5.Right transverse sinus
124
1. Identify the structure labelled 17 2. Identify the structure labelled 18 3. Identify the structure labelled 19 4. Identify the structure labelled 20 5. Identify the structure labelled 21 6. Identify the structure labelled 22
1. Straight sinus 2. Superior saggital sinus 3. Frontal nerve 4. Superior oblique ; trochlear 5. levatator palpabrae ; Occulomotor Lat rectus innervated by ABDUCENS 6. Superior Rectus superior rectus
125
1. Identify the structure labelled 1 2. Identify the structure labelled 2 3. Identify the structure labelled 3 4. Identify the structure labelled 4 5. Identify the structure labelled 5 6. Identify the structure labelled 6 7. Identify the structure labelled 7 8. Identify the structure labelled 8
1. posterior inferior cerebellar artery 2. left and right vertebral arteries 3. basilar artery 4. superior cerebellar artery 5. posterior cerebral artery 6. Posterior communicating artery 7. Internal carotid 8. Anterior cerebral artery
126
1 . Name anv two branches arising from 2. 2. How does the structure 3 terminate. 3. Name two branches of number 3. 4. Name the terminal branches of number 7
1. Anterior, posterior spinal artery, posterior inferior cerebellar artery medullary and meningeal branches 2. Posterior Cerebral artery 3. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery, superior cerebellar artery lacrintine artery 4. Anterior and middle cerebral artery
127
1. Identify 2 2. Identify 3 3. Identify 4 4. Identify 5 5. Identify 6
1. Falx Cerebri 2. Corpus callosum 3. Midbrain 4. cerebellum, grey matter 5. basilar artery
128
1. Name the dural venous sinuses related to number 2 2. Name the parts of number 3 3. Name the grey matter mass present in the white matter of structure 5
1. Superior and inferior saggital, straight sinus. 2. Rostrum, genu, trunk/body and spleenium 3. cerebellar nuclei
129
1. Identify 3 2. Identify 4 3. Identify 5 4. Identify 6 5. Identify 7 6. Identify 8 7. Identify 9 8. Identify 10 9. Identify 11 10. Identify 12
1. Dura Mater 2. Falx cerebri 3. Corpus callosum 4. Septum Pellucidum 5. Fornix (hippo to mamillary bodies) 6. Interthalmic adhesion 7. midbrain 8. Straight sinus 9. internal carotid 10. Tentorium cerebelli
130
1. Name the dural venous sinuses related to 4 2. Name the dural venous sinuses related to 12 3. How does 10 terminate
1. superior and inferior saggital, straight sinus 2. sigmoid, Transverse and superior petrosal sinuses 3. Great Vein of Galen
131
1. Identify 1 2. Identify 2 3. Identify 3 4. Identify 4 5. Identify 5
1. r optic nerve 2. occlumotor nerve 3. trigeminal nerve 4. Tentorium Cerebelli 5. Right Vertebral Artery or Basilar
132
1. Identify the highlighted structure 2. Identify the sinus related to it at this area
1. Tentorium Cerebelli 2. Straight Sinus, vein confluence, great vein of galen
133
1. Identify the highlighted structure
Optic Nerve (CN2)
134
1. Identify the highlighted structure
Occlumotor; levator palpabrae
135
1. Identify the highlighted structure
Abducent Nerve, lateral rectus
136
1. Identify the highlighted structure
CN7 & 8, internal acoustic meatus
137
Identify the highlighted structure
9,10, 11, jugular foramen
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