🧠 Neuro

Question 1

What are major complications of nasal skull fractures?

Answer 1

1. Meningitis - from Dursley’s puncture

*** NO NG = goes to brain

Question 2

What are signs of basal skull fracture of the Anterior fossa?

Answer 2

1. Raccoon eyes
2. Rhinorrhea- CSF leak from nose
   ➡️ HALO SIGN = CSF has ring on gauze , metallic taste
   ➡️collect for Beta2 transferrin marker

• sterile guaze to wipe nose = like a skull lac.

Question 3

What are signs of basal skull fracture of the Middle fossa?

Answer 3

👂 👂 👂

1. Battle sign - bruising behind ears
2. Ottorrhea - CSF leak from ear

Question 4

What are the components of the meninges from lateral to medial?

Answer 4

1. Dura mater
2. Subdural space
3. Arachnoid mater
4. Subarachnoid space
5. Pia mater
   Brain 🧠

Question 5

What are the 2 important folds of the Dura Mater?

Answer 5

1. Flax cerebri - identifies any midline shift

2. Tentorium cerebellum = divides the brain supratentorial and infratentorial

Question 6

What is the mechanism of the subarachnoid space?

Answer 6

1. Contains connective tissue, blood vessels, and CSF.

2. Villae absorb CSF

Question 7

What area of the brain is responsible for urinary and fecal continence?

Answer 7

Frontal lobe

Question 8

How much CSF is produced by hour and per day?

Answer 8

25 mL/hr (**ext. shunt assessments)

500 mL/day

Question 9

Non-communicative Hydrocephalus

Answer 9

Blockage in CSF flow/pathway (ex. Foramen)

Question 10

What supplies blood to the anterior circulation of the brain?

Answer 10

Carotid arteries

Question 11

What supplies blood to the posterior circulation of the brain?

Answer 11

Vertebral arteries

Question 12

What nursing interventions can increase intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Answer 12

1. Extreme flexión
2. Coughing/suctioning
3. Fever
4. Decreased head elevation

Question 13

What affects the amount of CSF?

Answer 13

1. Blood pressure
2. Cardiac function
3. Blood viscosity
4. Cerebro vascular artery disease
5. Increased ICP

Question 14

Communicating Hydrocephalus

Answer 14

Arachnoid villi become plugged, common in subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 15

Hydrocephalus due to increased CSF production

Answer 15

Choroid plexus papilloma

Question 16

Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) calculation

Answer 16

CCP = MAP - ICP

Normal range: 70 - 100mmHg