Neuro

Question 1

Is a stroke an upper or lower motor neuron lesion

Answer 1

Upper

Question 2

Is a brain/spinal cord injury an upper or lower motor neuron lesion

Answer 2

Upper

Question 3

Is Guillain Barre an upper or lower motor neuron lesion

Answer 3

Lower

Question 4

Is cerebral palsy an upper or lower motor neuron lesion

Answer 4

Upper

Question 5

Is botulism an upper or lower motor neuron lesion

Answer 5

Lower

Question 6

Is cauda equina an upper or lower motor neuron lesion

Answer 6

Lower

Question 7

Is polio an upper or lower motor neuron lesion

Answer 7

Lower

Question 8

Is MS an upper or lower motor neuron lesion

Answer 8

Upper

Question 9

Is bell palsy an upper or lower motor neuron lesion

Answer 9

Lower

Question 10

What kind of paralysis does an UMN lesion cause

What are reflexes

Answer 10

Spastic (hypertonia)

Increased DTR

Question 11

What kind of paralysis does a LMN lesion cause

What are reflexes

Answer 11

Flaccid (hypotonia)

Decreased DTR

Question 12

Which type of motor neuron lesion will have fasiculations

Answer 12

Lower

Question 13

Describe what happens with the Babinski reflex for upper and lower MN lesions

Answer 13

Upper: upward
Lower: downward

Question 14

Which motor neuron lesion causes muscle atrophy

Answer 14

Lower

Question 15

Pt has contralateral sensory/motor loss / hemiparesis greater in the face and arm
Gaze preference to ipsilateral side

Which artery

Answer 15

Middle cerebral artery

Question 16

Wernickes v Brocas: superior MCA or inferior MCA

Answer 16

Brocas = superior
Wernickes = inferior

Question 17

Are wernickes/ brocas left side or right side dominant

Answer 17

L side dominant

Question 18

Pt with contralateral sensory/motor loss / hemiparesis in leg/foot with abnormal gait
Normal face and speech
Personality changes
May have incontinence

Which artery

Answer 18

Anterior cerebral artery

Question 19

Pt with visual hallucinations
ipsilateral CN deficits and contralateral muscle weakness - “contralateral homonymous hemianopsia “
May have vertigo, nystagmus, diplopia

Answer 19

Posterior infarction
(Posterior cerebral artery
Basilar artery
Vertebral artery)

Question 20

Pt with hemiparesis, hemiplegia, clumsiness. CT shows small punched out hypodense areas

Answer 20

Lacunar infarct

Question 21

Which ischemic stroke do you treat with aspirin instead of TPA

Answer 21

Lacunar infarct

Question 22

Convex lens shaped bleed
Between skull and dura
Doesn’t cross suture lines
Us. Temporal

Answer 22

Epidural hematoma

Question 23

Concave crescent shaped bleed
Between dura and arachnoid
Can cross suture lines

Answer 23

Subdural hematoma

Question 24

If you suspect intracerebral hemorrhage, what can’t you do as a dx test

Answer 24

LP - risk herniation

Question 25

MC meningitis bug age <1 month

Answer 25

GBS (strep agalactiae)

Question 26

MC meningitis bug age 1mo - 18y

Answer 26

N meningitidis

Question 27

MC meningitis age 18-50

Answer 27

S pneumo

Question 28

How do you treat meningitis age 1mo - 50 y

Answer 28

Ceftriaxone + vancomycin

Question 29

``` Describe the CSF findings for bacterial meningitis Opening pressure Protein Glucose WBC ```

Answer 29

Opening pressure - high Protein - high Glucose - low*** WBC - high*** with neutrophils and PMNs

Question 30

``` Describe the CSF findings for viral meningitis Opening pressure Protein Glucose WBC ```

Answer 30

Opening pressure - normal or high Protein - low to normal Glucose - normal**** WBC - mild high with lymphocytes

Question 31

MC bug in viral meningitis

Answer 31

Enteroviruses (echovirus, coxsackie)

Question 32

MC cause of encephalitis

Answer 32

HSV1

Question 33

What is the s/s difference between meningitis and encephalitis

Answer 33

Encephalitis has abnormal cerebral function eg sensory/motor, speech/movement

Question 34

Seizure Brief impairment of consciousness Brief staring episodes No postictal phase

Answer 34

Generalized | Absence (petit mal)

Question 35

Seizure Loss of consciousness with rigidity and arrest of respirations Repetitive rhythmic jerking for 2-3 minutes Flaccid coma/sleep

Answer 35

Generalized | Tonic-clonic (grand mal)

Question 36

Seizure No LOC Sudden, brief, sporadic involuntary twitching

Answer 36

Generalized | Myoclonus

Question 37

Seizure | Sudden loss of postural tone “drop attack”

Answer 37

Generalized | Atonic

Question 38

Seizure There is impaired consciousness Lip smacking, picking, patting, coordinated motor movement

Answer 38

Partial (focal) | Complex partial

Question 39

Seizure Consciousness maintained fully Focal sensory, autonomic, or motor symptoms “Todd’s paralysis” lasting up to 24 hours

Answer 39

Partial (focal) | Simple partial

Question 40

What level is increased in seizures that helps to differentiate from pseudoseizure

Answer 40

Prolactin

Question 41

TOC for absence seizures

Answer 41

Ethosuxamide

Question 42

Glutamate is increased with what disease

Answer 42

Alzheimers

Question 43

Glutamate is decreased with what disease

Answer 43

PKU

Question 44

GABA is increased with what disease

Answer 44

NONE

Question 45

GABA is decreased with what disease

Answer 45

UMN lesions | Huntington’s

Question 46

Ach is increased with what disease

Answer 46

Parkinsons

Question 47

Dopamine is increased with what disease

Answer 47

Schizophrenia

Question 48

Dopamine is decreased with what disease

Answer 48

Parkinson’s | NMS