Nucleus
Group of neurons within the CNS that share the same function
Ganglia
Group of neuronal cell bodies outside the CNS that share similar function
Tract
Bundle of axons traveling together in the CNS
Nerve
A bundle of anons located outside the CNS
Afferent
Income information; arrives
Efferent
Outgoing information; exiting
Grey matter
Darker tissue of the brain and spinal cord, consisting mainly of nerve cell bodies and branching dendrites
White matter
Paler tissue of the brain and spinal cord, consisting mainly of nerve fibers with their myelin sheaths
Somatic nervous system
Afferent/efferent via Skeletal muscle from the external environment
Autonomic nervous system
Afferent/efferent via smooth muscle and glands from the internal environment
Sulci
Grooves
Fissure
A larger sulci
Gyrus
Folds or ridges
Central (upper motor neuron)
Brain, spinal cord, surrounded by bone
Peripheral (lower motor neurons)
Cranial nerves, anterior horn of the spinal cord, cauda equina, peripheral nerves
Gastrulation
18 days
Three layer development: ectoderm, mesoderm(notocord), endoderm
Neurolation
3-4 weeks gestation
Neural plate > neural fold > neural tube
Somite
Inductive signaling
Spinal nerves
3-6 weeks
Alar plate = dorsal nerve roots
Basal plate = ventral nerve roots
Brain
4-6 weeks
Keep structures: prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon
Excitatory neurotransmitter
Glutamate
Acetylcholine
Catecholamines; dopamine, norepinephrine; noradrenaline, epinephrine; adrenaline
Inhibitory neurotransmitter
Y-aminobutyric acid; GABA
Endocannabinoids
