Area of Lesion: Amygdala (bilateral)
-Consequence:
Area of Lesion: Amygdala (bilateral) -Consequence: Kluver-Bucy syndrome Hyperorality Hypersexuality Disinhibited behavior
*Associated w/ HSV-1
Area of Lesion: Frontal lobe
-Consequence:
Area of Lesion: Frontal lobe
- Consequence:
- Disinhibition and deficits in concentration, orientation, and judgement
- May have reemergence of primitive reflexes
Area of Lesion: Right Parietal lobe
-Consequence:
Area of Lesion: Right Parietal lobe
- Consequence:
- Spatial neglect (agnosia of the contralateral side of the world)
Area of Lesion: Reticular Activating System (Midbrain)
-Consequence:
Area of Lesion: Reticular Activating System (Midbrain)
- Consequence:
- Reduced levels of arousal and wakefulness (i.e., Coma)
Area of Lesion: Mammillary bodies (bilateral)
-Consequence:
Area of Lesion: Mammillary bodies (bilateral)
- Consequence: Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
- Confusion, Opthalmoplegia, Ataxia
- Memory loss (anterograde & retrograde amnesia)
- Confabulation, Personality changes
What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome associated with?
Thiamine (B1) deficiency
EtOH abuse
Can be precipitated by giving glucose without B1 to a B1-deficient patient
Area of Lesion: Basal Ganglia
- Consequence:
- Associated with:
Area of Lesion: Basal Ganglia
- Consequence:
- Tremor @ rest, chorea, or athetosis
- Associated with:
- Parkinson’s disease
Area of Lesion: Cerebellar hemisphere
- Consequence:
- Notes:
Area of Lesion: Cerebellar hemisphere
-Consequence:
*Intention tremor, limb ataxia, loss of balance
*Damage to cerebellum results in IPSilateral deficits; fall Toward side of lesion
-Notes:
“Cerebellar hemispheres are LATERALly located – affect LATERAL limbs”
Area of Lesion: Cerebellar Vermis
- Consequence:
- Notes:
Area of Lesion: Cerebellar Vermis -Consequence: *Truncal ataxia, dysarthria -Notes: "Vermis is CENTRALly located -- affects CENTRAL body"
Area of Lesion: Subthalamic Nucleus
-Consequence:
Area of Lesion: Subthalamic Nucleus
- Consequence:
- Contralateral Hemiballismus
Area of Lesion: Hippocampus
-Consequence:
Area of Lesion: Hippocampus
- Consequence:
- Anterograde amnesia
What is anterograde amnesia?
Inability to make NEW memories
Area of Lesion: Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation (PPRF)
-Consequence:
Area of Lesion: Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation (PPRF)
- Consequence:
- Eyes look AWAY from side of lesion
Area of Lesion: Frontal eye fields
-Consequence:
Area of Lesion: Frontal eye fields
- Consequence:
- Eyes look TOWARDS side of lesion
What is the most common cause of Central Pontine Myelinolysis?
Overly rapid correction of Na+ levels
*Can cause “locked-in syndrome”
What is the pathophysiology of Central Pontine Myelinolysis?
Massive axonal demyleination in pontine white matter tracts
*Affects Corticospinal & Corticobulbar tracts
- Lesion @ base of Pons
- Supplied by Basilar Artery
What are the symptoms of Central Pontine Myelinolysis?
Acute paralysis Dysarthria Dysphagia Diplopia Loss of consciousness
*can cause “locked-in syndrome”
