1
Q
How many pairs of cranial nerve a human body has?
A
12 pairs
2
Q
How many pairs of spinal nerve a human body has?
A
31 pairs
3
Q
The nervous system for emergency purposes
A
Sympathetic Nerve
4
Q
Embryologic Division for Forebrain
A
Prosencephalon
5
Q
Three main cell layers of the Neuro embryology
A
Endoderm, Mesoderm, Ectoderm
6
Q
Closure of anterior neuropore
A
24-25 days
7
Q
Closure of posterior neuropore
A
26-27 days
8
Q
Embryologic Division for Midbrain
A
Mesencephalon
9
Q
Neurological embryology cell layer for nervous system and skin
A
Ectoderm
10
Q
Subdivision of Midbrain
A
Mesencephalon
11
Q
Embryologic Division for Hindbrain
A
Rhobencephalon
12
Q
Subdivisions of Prosencephalon
A
Telencephalon and Diencephalon
13
Q
Adult structures under Diencephalon
A
SHET. Pineal Body, Infundibulum
14
Q
“SHET”
A
Subthalamaus, Hypothalamus, Epithelamus, Thalamus
15
Q
Subdivision of Rhombencephalon
A
Metencephalon and Myelencephalon
16
Q
Adult structures under Mesencephalon
A
Tectum, Tegmentum, Crus Cerebi
17
Q
The cavity in the Telencephalon
A
Lateral Ventricle
18
Q
Neurological embryology cell layer for muscles and vascular tissues
A
Mesoderm
19
Q
Complete closure of neuropore
A
28 days
20
Q
Adult structures under Telencephalon
A
Cerebral cortex, Basal Ganglia (subcortical white matter), and Hippocampus
21
Q
Adult structures under Metencephalon
A
Pons and Cerebellum
22
Q
The cavity in the Diencephalon
A
Third Ventricle
23
Q
The cavity in the Mesencephalon
A
Cerebral Aqueduct
24
Q
Adult structures under Myelencephalon
A
Medulla Oblongata and Spinal Cord
25
The cavity in the Rhombencephalon
Fourth Ventricle
26
Neurological embryology cell layer for GIT, lungs, liver, and other visceral organs
Endoderm
27
The basic unit of the nervous system
Neurons
28
Non-excitable cells and supporting structure in the nerve
Neuroglia
29
Away, Efferent
Axon
30
Control center of the neuron
Nucleus
31
Covers the axon for faster conduction
Myelin Sheath
32
Towards, Afferent
Dendrites
33
Neuroglia ratio
10 neuroglia: 1 neuron
34
Neuroglia in CNS
Astrocytes, Microglia, Oligodendrocytes, Ependymal Cells
35
Neuroglia in PNS
Satellite cells, Schwann Cells
36
Type of nerve fiber per size: Long Axons
Golgi Type 1
37
Type of nerve fiber per size: greater in number
Golgi Type 2
38
Supporting framework of CNS
Astrocytes
39
Formation of myelin sheath in CNS
Oligodendrocytes
40
Ratio of Oligodendrocytes
1 Oligodendrocyte: 60 neuron
41
Immune effector cells with phagocytic activity
Microglia
42
Lines cavities of the brain and central canal of SC
Ependymal cells
43
Formation of myelin sheath in PNS
Schwann Cells
44
Directs CSF Flow
Ependymal cells
45
TRUE OR FALSE: CNS has a lymphatic drainage
False
46
Supporting framework of PNS
Satellite Cells
47
Afferent Nerve Fiber
Alpha
48
Efferent Nerve Fiber
Gamma
49
Nerve fiber: touch, pressure, vibration
A-Beta
50
RAGS
Rigidity = Alpha; Spasticity = Gamma
51
Nerve fiber: stimulated in TENS
A-Beta
52
Nerve fiber: for tension
GTO
53
COPS
CNS = Oligodendrocytes; PNS = Schwann Cells
54
Nerve fiber: excessive lengthening
Primary Muscle Spindle
55
AEGIs
Alpha = Extrafusal; Gamma = Intrafusal
56
Nerve fiber: Secondary Muscle Spindle
A-Gamma
57
Nerve fiber: Preganglionic Sympathetic
B fibers
58
Nerve fiber: Fast pain and cold temp
A-delta
59
Nerve fiber: Slow pain and hot temp
C fibers
60
First nerve to be recruited
Small diameter nerve fibers
61
Fast conduction nerve
Large diameter nerve fibers
62
Pain fibers: Superficial and Acute
Fast (A-delta)
63
Pain fibers: Deep and Chronic
Slow (C)
64
The largest structure of the brain
Cerebrum
65
Origin of the corticospinal tract
Betz cells
66
6 layers of the Cerebral cortex
Molecular, External Granular, External Pyramidal, Internal Granular, Internal Pyramidal, Multiform
67
Location of Betz Cells
Internal Pyramidal
68
Non-dominant Hemisphere
Right
69
The function of the Right Hemisphere
HAMM: Hemineglect, Arts, Music, Memory
70
Dominant Hemisphere
Left
71
The function of the Left Hemisphere
MALI: Math, Analytical, Language, Ideomotor/Ideational
72
Presentation of the lesion in Cerebral Cortex
Contralateral
73
Apraxia of Right Hemisphere
Dressing and Constructional
74
Apraxia: Can do the task on their own but cannot in command
Ideomotor
75
The function of the Frontal Lobe
CIJ-PEM: Cognition, Intelligence, Judgement, Procedural memory, Emotion, Motor
76
The function of the Parietal Lobe
Sensation, Perception
77
The function of the Temporal Lobe
Hearing, Declarative Memory, Smell
78
The function of the Occipital Lobe
Vision
79
The function of the Insular Lobe
Pain, Emotion associated with olfaction, Decision making
80
Composition of Limbic Lobe
PUCHA: Parahippocampal gyrus, Uncus, Cingulate Gyrus, Hippocampus, Amygdala
81
Limbic: memory and learning
Parahippocampal gyrus
82
Amnesia with recent memories
Anterograde
83
Limbic: connected to CN 1
Cingulate Gyrus
84
Amnesia with past memories
Retrograde
85
Limbic: LTM by repetition
Hippocampus
86
Limbic: pain, emotion, and libido
Amygdala
87
"Ammons Horn"
Hippocampus
88
A lesion in the amygdala that presents with hypersexuality, hyperorality, and personality change
Kluver-Bucy Syndrome
89
Limbic: formation of new memory
Uncus
90
5 BA: Frontal Lobe
BA 4, 6, 8, 9-12, 44
91
"Broca's Area"
BA 44
92
BA: the seat of intelligence
BA 9-12
93
"Premotor Area"
BA 6
94
BA: Execution of motor movements
BA 4
95
BA: Planning and coordination of movement
BA 6
96
"Primary Motor Area"
BA 4
97
BA: Voluntary Eye Movements
BA 8
98
"Prefrontal Area"
BA 9-12
99
BA: Motor Speech Area
BA 44
100
"Frontal Eye Field"
BA 8
101
Eye movement that follows the movement of the object
Saccadic
102
Eye movement that linear movement of both eyes
Smooth Pursuit
103
Eye movement the movement of both eyes at the same time
Conjugate Gaze
104
BA: (+) Flaccidity
BA 4 (Primary Motor)
105
BA: (+) Spasticity
BA 6 (Premotor)
106
Lesion of BA 8 (Frontal Eye Field)
Frontal gaze palsy C/L to the lesion
107
Broca's Aphasia
MEN: Motor, Expressive, Non-fluent
108
5 BA: Parietal Lobe
BA 312, 5-7, 39, 40, 43
109
"Primary Somatosensory"
BA 312
110
BA: Connects occipital lobe to Wernicke's area
BA 39
111
"Angular Area"
BA 39
112
BA: Taste Sensation
BA 43
113
BA: Interprets sensory signals from the thalamus
BA 312
114
"Primary Gustatory"
BA 43
115
BA: Proprioception, Kinesthesia, Vibration
BA 5,7
116
"Secondary, Association"
BA 5,7
117
"Supramarginal Gyrus"
BA 40
118
BA: Sensory input for hearing
BA 40
119
BA: (+) Hemianesthesia
BA 312
120
BA: (+) Astereognosis
BA 5,7
121
BA: (+) Aguesia
BA 43
122
BA: (+) Ideomotor Apraxia
BA 40
123
BA: (+) Gerstmann's Syndrome
BA 39
124
Gerstmann's Syndrome
L&R Discrimination, Finger Agnosia, Acalculia, Agraphia
125
BA: (+) Anosognosia
BA 40
126
3 BA: Temporal Lobe
BA 41, 42, 22
127
"Wernicke's Area"
BA 22
128
"Herschel / Primary Auditory"
BA 41
129
"Secondary Auditory"
BA 42
130
BA: (+) Deafness
BA 41-42
131
Wernicke's Aphasia
SRF: Sensory, Receptive, Fluent
132
3 BA: Occipital Lobe
BA 17, 18, 19
133
BA: (+) C/L homonymous hemianopsia
BA 17
134
BA: (+) Color Agnosia and Alexia s Agraphia
BA 18
135
BA: (+) Simultagnosia and Prosopagnosia
BA 18-19
136
Color Blindness
Color Agnosia
137
Inability to recognize his/her condition
Anosognosia
138
Absence of skill without weakness
Apraxia
139
Inability to know
Agnosia
140
Inability to perceive more than a single object at a time
Simultagnosia
141
Inability to recognize familiar faces
Prosopagnosia
142
Inability to comprehend certain language
Aphasia
143
Difficulty in reading but can write
Alexia without agraphia
144
The external surface of the brain that increases the surface area
Gyrus/Folds
145
The condition with multiple small gyri that results in mental retardation
Polymicrogyria
146
The fissure that divides R & L hemisphere
Medial Longitudinal Fissure
147
The sulcus that divides the cuneus gyrus and lingual gyrus
Calcarine Sulcus
148
"Balint Syndrome"
Simultagnosia
149
The sulcus that divides the precentral and post-central gyrus
Central Sulcus
150
The sulcus that divides the temporal lobes with other structure
Lateral Fissure
151
Other names of Central Sulcus
Rolandic Fissure
152
The sulcus that divides the parietal lobes and occipital lobes
Parieto-occipittal sulcus
153
Other names of Lateral Sulcus
Sylvian Fissure
154
Three fiber connection in the cerebral cortex
Commissural, Association, Projection
155
Connection within the same hemisphere
Association
156
Connects Broca's and Wernicke's
Arcuate Fasciculus
157
The connection between L & R hemisphere
Commissural
158
Example of Association Fiber Connection
Superior & Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus and Arcuate Fasciculus
159
Fiber connection is seen in tracts
Projection
160
"Great commissure"
Corpus Callosum
161
Lesion at Arcuate Fasciculus will result in what kind of aphasia?
Conduction Aphasia (problem with repetition)
162
`Projection away from the center; descending tracts
Corticofugal
163
`Projection towards from the center; ascending tracts
Corticopetal
164
Lentiform Nucleus
Globus Pallidus & Putamen
165
Neostriatum
Caudate Nucleus & Putamen
166
Corpus Striatum
Lentiform Nucleus & Neostriatum
167
Paleostraitum
Globus Pallidus
168
Functional Component of Basal Ganglia
Subthalamus, Subthalamic Nucleus, Substantia Nigra
169
Part of substantia nigra that releases dopamine
Pars Compacta
170
Part of substantia nigra that releases GABA
Pars Reticulata
171
Excitatory Neurotransmitters
AGE: ACH, Glutamate, Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
172
Inhibitory Neurotransmitters
GABA, Dopamine, Glycine
173
NT abundant in the spinal cord
Glycine
174
NT abundant in the striatum
Dopamine
175
NT abundant in the cerebral cortex
GABA
176
Three functions of Basal Ganglia
Modulate movement, Initiate movement, Smoothen movement pattern
177
PD SC GASH
Putamen = Dystonia; Striatum = Chorea; Globus Pallidus = Athetosis; Subthalamus = Hemiballismus
178
Movement disorder: Proximal > Distal
Chorea
179
Movement disorder: Flinging movements
Hemiballismus
180
Movement disorder: Irregular, Jerky Movements
Chorea
181
Movement disorder: Proximal < Distal
Athetosis
182
Movement disorder: Worm-like, Slow rhythmical movements
Athetosis
183
Hypothalamus: Circardian Rhythm
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
184
Hypothalamus: Sweating, Panting, Vasodilation
Anterior
185
Hypothalamus: Satiety Center
Medial
186
Hypothalamus: Shivering, Piloerection, Vasoconstriction
Posterior
187
Hypothalamus: Hunger and Thirst
Lateral
188
Hypothalamus: Heat Regulation
Anterior
189
Hypothalamus: Cold Regulation
Posterior
190
Two structures in Epithalamus
Habenular Nucleus and Pineal Gland
191
Epithalamus: secretes melatonin
Pineal Gland
192
Epithalamus: for olfaction
Habenular Nucleus
193
Sensory relay center of the nervous system
Thalamus
194
What sensation doesn't relay signals in thalamus
Olfaction
195
Thalamus: touch, pressure, and vibration of limbs
Ventral Posterolateral (VPL)
196
Thalamus: visual
Lateral Geniculate Body
197
Thalamus: touch, pressure, and vibration of face
Ventral Posteromedial (VPM)
198
Thalamus: auditory
Medial Geniculate Body
199
Total number of nerves in the body
24 (cranial nerves) + 62 (spinal nerve) = 86 nerves
Neurology
flashcards
Decks in class (14)
# Cards
-
Neurology 1199
-
Neurology 2211
-
Neurology Evaluation80
-
Neurology 3250
-
Dermatome and Myotome37
-
Monosynaptic Reflexes16
-
Cerebrovascular Accident212
-
Peripheral Nerve Injury224
-
Lower Motor Neuron Disease263
-
Parkinson's Disease151
-
Traumatic Brain Injury166
-
Multiple Sclerosis94
-
Spinal Cord Injury313
-
Vestibular System194
