defn of epilepsy
2 or more unprovoked seizures occurring in a time frame of > 24 hrs
EEG: broad-based centrotemporal spikes
Benign rolandic epilepsy
outgrown during adolescence
EEG: high voltage, slow, chaotic background with multifocal spikes
West syndrome
Triad of West syndrome
infantile epileptic spasms
developmental regression
EEG: hypsarrythmia
MC seizure DO during childhood
Simple febrile seizure
<15 min
seizure > 15 min
Complex/ Complicated FS
Status epilepticus is defined as
continuous seizure activity lasting more than 5 min
refractory status epilepticus
failed to respond to therapy usually with at least 2 medications
viral infections most commonly assoc with febrile status epilepticus
HHV-6 and HHV-7
Triad of imaging findings in TB meningitis
hydrocephalus, basal enhancements, infarcts
absolute CI to a lumbar puncture
- Cushing’s triad (inc ICP)
- local infection at desired puncture site
- radiologic signs of obstructive hydrocephalus and intracranial mass
indications for brain abscess surgery
- (+) gas in abscess
- multiloculated abscesses
- posterior fossa location
- fungal cause
- assoc infections like mastoiditis, periorbital abscess, sinusitis
candle dripping appearance
Tuberous sclerosis
infantile spasms, ash leaf hypopigmented skin lesion, shagreen patch, periungual fibromas
Tuberous sclerosis
chr Von Recklinghausen
chr 17
it has 17 letters
Criteria for NF1
2/7
- cafe au lait spots
- axillary/ inguinal LN
- Lisch nodules
- neurofibromas
- osseous lesion
- optic glioma
- relative with NF-1
Criteria for NF-2
- acoustic neuroma
2. relative with NF-2
