Neuropharm Flashcards by Tina Jaramillo

what secretes glutamate?

pyramidal cells

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NMDA antagonists

ketamine, PCP

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gaba a R are

ligand-gated

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how does gaba open Cl- channel

binds to alpha subunit

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benzos

bind to B subunit of GABA a

and either decrease GABA dissociation at low doses or directly open Cl- at high doses

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Gaba b R

metabotropic

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Gaba a R

ionotropi

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when GABA binds to GABA b R..

K+ open–>closes Ca2+–>efflux K+ and decreases in Ca2+ conductance causes hyperpolarizaton of postsynaptic membrane

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baclofen is an

agonist of Gaba b

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Gaba c R

only have one subunit
ionotropic
Cl- channels
retnal, spnal cord, pituitary
**benzos, barbiturates, baclofen dont affect

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2 types of Acetylcholine R

nicotinic- ionotropic

muscarinic- metabotropic

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monoamines

one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by a 2 C chain

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D1 family

D1, D5

–>increases adenylyl cyclase–> produces excitatory response

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D2 family

D2, D3, D4

increases phosphodeisiterase–> produces inhibitory response

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nigrostriatal pathway

parkinsons

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mesolbic pathway

schizo, addiction

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mesocortical pathway

schizophrenia

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where is NE produced

locus coeruleus

caudal raphe nucleus

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where si 5HT produced

raphe nucleus

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CB1 R

inhibits GABA and glutmate release

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anandamne

endogenous CB1 agonist; attenuates pain

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anandamine agonist

THC

cannabdiol

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CB2 R location

immune system

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mechanisms of ant-epileptic drugs

Na+ channel blockade
Ca2+ channel blockade
GABA agonists
Glutamate antagonists

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GABA agonists

barbiturates benzos topiramate

what type of Na+ channels do drugs block?

repetitive firing

drugs that act on Na+ channels

``` phenytoin carbamazepine valproate topiramate lamotrigine ```

glutamate antagonists

lamotrigine | topiramate

specific inducers of CY0450

``` phenobarbital ethosuximide phenytoin carbamazepine tobacco/cigs ```

specific inhibitors of CY0450

``` erythromycin Ca2+ channel blockers trimethoprim/sulfa fluconazole valproate ```

inducers, by def

increase clearance and decrease steady-state concentrations of other drugs

inhibitors, by def

decrease clearance and increase steady-state concentrations of other drugs

AED that may actually be synergistic

valproate + lamotrigine

only non-depressants/sedating

phenytoin | lamotrigine

neutral weight change

phenytoin lamotrigine levetiracetam

weight gain

carbamazepine gabapentin valproate

weight loss

topiramate

AED drugs implicated in osteoporosis

phenobarbital phenytoin carbamazepine

what AED do you give to pregant women?

lamotrigine | levetiracetam

topiramate causes

cleft palate defects

valproate causes

neural tube defects/learning disabilities

phenobarbitol mechansm

GABA agonist

phenobarbitol effective for

all seizures except abstinance | esp good for status epilepticus

phenytoin works for

all seizure types; better for focal or secondarily generalized than for primary generalized

phenytoin mechanism

blocks voltage-gated Na+ channel

phenytoin in children

poorly absorbed PO in children, so dont use

what supplements needed wth phenytoin

Ca, Vitamin D, vitamin K, folate

benzos are good for..and drug of choice for.

all seizure types alcohol withdrawal symptoms alcohol withdrawal seizures

why are benzos bad

tolerance develops rapidly

mech of benzo

GABA agonist

use of carbamazepine

excellent for focal and secondarily generalized seizures less effective for prmary generalized mood stabilizer bipolar works for neuropathic and trigem neuralgia

carbamazepine mech

Na+ channel blockade

levels of carbamazepine increased by

Ca channel blockers, macrolide antibiotics

ethosuximide used for

only for absence seizures

mech of ethosuximdie

blocks t type Ca channels

valproate uses

all sezures, migranes, bipolar

valproate mech

not well understood may block Na+ channels probably also affects GABA levels, Ca2+ and K+ conductance

valproate is sometmes associated wth

elevated ammonia and carnitne deficiency

Gabapentin uses

partial and secondary generalized seizures (not prmary gen) - good anxiolytic - sedative - anti-spasmodic - peripheral neuropathy pain

gabapentin mech

increases GABA in brain

lamotrgene uses

broad spectrum efficacy aganst all seizure types | -also works for bipolar disorder, neuropathic pain

mech of lamotrigne

probs blocks release of glutamate presynaptically and blocks Na+ channels post-syn

lamotrigine is NOT

sedating

topramate uses

broad spectrum not particularly good for absence good for migrane

topiramate mech

Na+ channel blockade GABA agonist glutamate antagonist

topiramate is ONLY

an oral preparation

levetracetam use

broad spectrum of use for focal and generalized seizures | fav in hosps

levetiracetam mech

blocks ca2+ channels, interferes with action of SV2 protein which si necessary for exocytosis of NT vescles

levetiracetam toxicity

cognitive and behavioral problems

Neuropharm Flashcards

(69 cards)