newborns

Question 1

Guiding issues

Answer 1

• How prepared is the human newborn for life
  outside the womb?
• How much organization is present at birth?
• In sensory systems
• In motor systems
• What is the role of learning?
• When is learning first present?

Question 2

Learning in the Womb: audition

Answer 2

Auditory:
* Lecanuet; Kisilevsky – respond to sound in utero

• Neonates recognize:
• Mother’s voice
• Native language
• Songs and stories heard prenatally

Question 3

How prepared are babies?

Answer 3

Birth is a BIG transition

• Hypersensitive to stimuli
• they have a collection of reflexes
  -Rooting, sucking, eye blink, withdrawal, babinski, moro, palmar
  grasp, tonic neck, stepping, swimming
• Perceptual & sensory capabilities
  -Hearing, seeing, smell, taste, touch
• Social perception
  -Voices, faces (mother’s face & voice; native language)
• Learning capabilities
• Operant conditioning, habituation, imitation (& can see learning of the above)

Question 4

Newborn States

Answer 4

spend most of there time sleeping

Question 5

Awake Newborn

Answer 5

• Alert Awake
  -Relatively still, Calm
  -Taking in most about the world (Learning)

** Active Awake**
-Moving about, exercising muscles, limbs, etc.
-Less able to take in information about the world

*fussing & Crying
-May be moving quite vigorously, or clenched
-But least able to take in information about world

Question 6

REM sleep

Answer 6

deep cycle of sleep wherethe brain is very active

newborn spend a lot of their time in REM sleep

it also help develop visual systems

Question 7

More About Newborn State

Answer 7

• Infants learn best in alert awake, then quiet sleep, and then active sleep
• Learn less in active awake and not at all during Crying and Fussing
  -Importance for being able to calm an infant
  -Movement from state to state erratic
  -All babies in all cultures cry, but amt. varies
  #Crying peak at ~ 8 weeks

Question 8

Back to Sleep campaign
(face up to wake up; now ‘safe to sleep’)

Answer 8

babies should sleep in their stomachs not in the back

Question 9

colics

Answer 9

when baby’s cry is incosulable

they should never be shaken because it can cause demage in the brain (SBS)

and colic is correleted with SBS (parents try to shush the baby by bouncing it) and postpertam depression

Question 10

Babies born at risk ……

Answer 10

*LBW – **Low birth weight **( < 5.5 lbs; < 2500 grams)
-LBW 35 weeks gestation, considered premature

*SGA – ** small for gestational age**
* < 10th percentile for age
* Can be genetic (small parents)
* Can be IntraUterine Growth Retardation

Age of viability, down to (22) 23-24 weeks (27 w/out intervention)
* > 90% babies >800 grams survive (~2 lbs)
* ~ 40-50% babies 500 – 800 grams survive

Question 11

Multiple risk model

Answer 11

• Risks tend to occur together
  -Smoking and alcohol
  -Poor nutrition and inadequate maternal care
• Much higher risk of negative developmental outcomes if
  multiple risks, and 4 or more at quite an elevated risk
• Structural racism
• Quality of health care available
• Housing security
• These often compounded with low SES, etc.
• Developmental Resilience
• Resilient children have particular personality traits
  -And one consistent, caring person in their lives

Question 12

the exam will have a question about the article :Antiracism and positive intergenerational (infant) outcomes: A county-level examination of low birth weight and infant mortality

Answer 12

whether such advantageous health correlations might extend intergenerationally to infant outcomes?

as blm support movement support increse , low birth weight and moretility decresed in** african american babies**

BLM marches were not meaningfully related to rates of low birth weight among White American infants

However, BLM support was negatively related to mortalities among White American infants (Ncounties = 862).