1
Q
descirbe the main energy reserves of the body?
A
- carbohydrates
- protein
- fats
- liver glycogen is used for glucose homeostasis during initial fasting
- muscle glycogen used to provide energy rapidly during exercise
2
Q
does muscle glycogen go into blood stream?
A
no, stay in muscle
3
Q
what are the two catergories of metabolism?
A
- catabolism
- anabolism
4
Q
what does catabolism do?
A
- release chemical energy from breakdown of fuel
- breakdown of energy store
- occur in fasting of post absorptive state
5
Q
examples of catabolism?
A
- krebs cycle
- beta-oxidation
- glycolysis
6
Q
what does anabolism do?
A
- requires energy to produce large molecules
- build up energy store
- occurs in fed or absorptive state
7
Q
example of anabolism?
A
- glycogenesis
- gluconeogenesis
- fatty acid synthesis
8
Q
describe role of ATP?
A
- coupling molecule for energy transfer
9
Q
where is NADH generated?
A
- during carbohydrate oxidation
10
Q
when is FADH generated?
A
- carbohydrate and fatty acid oxidation
11
Q
describe the role of NADH and FADH2?
A
- provide reducing power
12
Q
which has higher reducing power, FADH2 or NADH?
A
NADH
13
Q
what does enzyme control require in order to adapt to different metabolic needs?
A
- substrate availability
- allosteric regulation of the enzymes
- covalent modification of enzymes
- changes in expression levels of enzymes
14
Q
describe the mechanism at which enzyme activity is regulated?
A
- substrate availability
- covalent modification
- allosteric
- transcriptional
15
Q
how can the cell control the rate of metabolism?
A
- through the inhibition or activation of the rate determining step
- it is also possible to store the overabundance of reactants
NME 2
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