What are the normal paraemters of blood urea?
Dog, 2.5-7.0mmol/L
Cat, 5.0-11.0mmol/L
What are the normal parameters of creatine phosphokinase?
Dog, 40-120umol/L
Cat, 40-120umol/L
What are causes of increased levels of blood urea?
- Chronic heart failure
- Urethral obstruction and rupture of bladder
- Renal failure
- Dehydration, causes apparent raised urea levels.
- Other systemic and metabolic conditions
- Corticosteroid therapy (steroids )
- Infection or necrosis
- High protein diet
What are causes of decreased levels of blood urea?
- Low protein diet
- Anabolic steroids
- Liver failure
- Portosystemic shunts
What are causes of increased levels of creatine phosphokinase?
- Muscle disorders in small animals
- Hyperthyroidism
- Heart disease
- Selenium/ vitamin E deficiencies
- Trauma to muscles
What are the normal parametes of alamine aminotransferase?
Dog, 10-75IU/L
Cat, 35-134IU/L
What are causes of increased levels of alamine aminotransferase?
- Liver disease
- Severe muscle damage
- Feline hyperthyroidism
What are normal parameters of alkaline phosphate?
Dog, 0-80IU/L
Cat, 15-96IU/L
What are cuase of increased levels of alkaline phosphate?
• Common in young animals, due to large quantities found in bone
What are the normal parameters og blood glucose?
Dog, 3.3-7.0 mmol/L
Cat, 3.3-6.0mmol/L
What are cause of increased levels of glucose?
- Diabetes mellitus
- Hyperadrenocorticism
- Stress
- Corticosteroid therapy
- Post feeding samples
What are causes of decreased levels of glucose?
- Hepatic insufficiency
- Hypoadrenocorticism
- Neoplasia
- Malabsorption
- Starvation
- Insulin treatment
What are the normal parameter of protein?
Dog, 54-71g/L
Cat, 54-78 g/L
What are causes of increased levels of protein?
- Dehydration
- Lactation infection
- Neoplasia
What are causes of decreased levels of protein?
- Renal disease
- Malnutrition
- Malabsorption
- Haemorrhage hepatic
