Normal Tissue Consequences Flashcards by callie bogard

osteonecrosis

bone death

- in adults after 60Gy (femoral head)

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In children, you have to treat the growth plate ____.

evenly

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The pelvis contains about ___% of functioning bone marrow in adults.

25%

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Genital Organs:

Permanent Sterility unavoidable at

1500-2000 cGy

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What is one way to get ovaries out of the radiation field?

ovaries can be surgically moved

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Testes are less often exposed because

can remove teste

2. treat pelvic lymph node

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what percent of the dose reaches the teste?

10% from internal scatter

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by how much can you reduce scatter to the testes if a shield is used?

1-3%

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what kind of cells do testes house?

leukemic

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scar tissue can destroy upper vagina and ___

lose patency

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should avoid irradiation _______ weeks after surgery

6-8 weeks

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In females, _____ is rare , but can have it from recurrence of tumor

stenosis

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normal capacity of bladder

400cc

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fistulas form at ____ doses

high

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enteritis

inflammation of the intestine

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What is one reason to stop treatment of the small intestine

severe acute enteritis

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What part of the large intestine should be avoided at all costs?

anus because of the sphincter

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in the rectum, stenosis can ____

make you have the feeling to deficate

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If 75% or more of the liver receives 3000-3500, there is a great risk of ____

liver failure

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Liver doses can cause ___

acute hepatitis

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kidney causes ___

high BP

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Adrenal glands: TD 5/5?

Don’t know what it would be because it is right on top of the kidney.

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pancreas

“silent killer”

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spleen

can cause alterations in the blood count and immune system

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Thorax

receives more radiation than any other area of the body

How can pneumonitis be treated?

steroids, relieve symptoms

resp system: | can develop radiation fibrosis

increases risk of infection

chemo+radiation =

more sensitive

higher daily doses of radiation=

more severe pain

hypofractionization

higher dose, less fractions

hyperfractionization

lower dose, more fractions

Effects of rad of esophagus

loses elasticity

myocardium

interstitial fibrosis | -reduces cardiac function=myocardial infarction

acute pericarditis

may appear 1 year post treatment | anterior chest pain, sob, low grade fever

chronic pericarditits

can impede filling affect which can reduce cardiac output

2 cardio toxic chemo drugs

doxirubicin | adriamycin

chemo drugs along with rad therapy can cause

CHF

late reaction of rad treatment to ribs

fractures

treating breast before puberty can

hinder development

moderate skin erythema

dry desquamation, mild tenderness

treatment can make the breast ___&_____

smaller and harder | skin changes

brachial plexus: | takes about ____for side effects to show up

1 year or more

brachial plexus

bundle of nerves around the shoulder | pass through supraclavicular region

how long does it take for spinal cord injuries to show up post rad

8-48 months

Lhermittes syndrome

electrical shocks going down legs (weeks after rad treatment)

Head and neck treatments

harder for pt -swallowing -nutritional intake lifestyle changes: smoking and drinking

mouth: | rad causes ___

dental decay

may prescribe for mouth

fluoride treatments | anti fungal cream

lead shield over teeth causes

more dose to area | more scatter

for shield, need to use something with lower z number

like wax

higher rad doses in ear

late symptoms

eyes: over time with low doses

glaucoma - anterior chamber of the eye

fibrosis in eye

causes obstruction causes watery eyes *can dilate duct

pterygoid muscle

opens and closes mouth

thyroid gland

fatigue, weakness, hair loss, memory loss, | hypothyroidism

Pituitary glad

normal function decrease around 55-60 | impair gonads, thyroid, adrenal function

tumoritis

borders of tumor can be more defined- may have to change the treatment plan

CNS

Very sensitive

brain tumors in 2 years of life

rare

moderate or severe handicaps will follow in about __%

33%

how to receive brain symptoms

higher dose/ fx

When you lose hair it usually comes in much

finer

when do they lose hair

around fx 10 or 12 (2 weeks) skull radionecrosis

extremities

lymph edema don't want to treat entire ext could get subcutaneous fibrosis

lower extremities avoided in elderly

diabetic?

avoid in children- lower extremity

``` growth plate (epiphysis) could stunt growth ```

upper extremity

lymph edema

Total Body irradiation

TBI | whole body at once

Low Dose

CLL (Chronic lymphocytic leukemia) sytemic, don't see much anymore *not curative

High Dose

*can be lethal bidaily (6 hours inbetween) less toxicity to pt AP/PA blocks on lungs

Normal Tissue Consequences Flashcards

(70 cards)