Basic Medical Knowledge > Normal Value Lab Test > Flashcards

Normal Value Lab Test Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

White Blood Cells

A

4-11 x 10^9/L

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2
Q

Red Blood Cells

A

3.8-4.8 x 10^9/L

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3
Q

Hemoglobin

A

13.5-17.7 g/dL

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4
Q

Platelet

A

150-400 x 10^9/L

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5
Q

MCV

A

80-95 fL

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6
Q

MCH

A

27-32 pg

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7
Q

MCHC

A

32-36 g/dL

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8
Q

Lymphocyte

A

20-45%

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9
Q

Neutrophil

A

40-75%

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10
Q

Hematocrit/ PCV

A

36-46%

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11
Q

Type of polycythemia

A
  • Absolute (Primary vs Secondary)

- Relative

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12
Q

Cause of microcytic anemia

A

[TAILS]

  • Thalassemia
  • Anemia of chronic disease
  • IDA
  • Lead poisoning
  • Sideroblastic anemia
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13
Q

Cause of normocytic anemia

A
  • Anemia of chronic disease
  • Acute blood loss
  • Increase plasma volume (pregnancy, fluid overload)
  • Aplastic anemia
  • Hemolysis
  • Hypersplenism
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14
Q

Cause of macrocytic anemia

A
  • B12/ folate deficiency
  • Toxins (eg: alcohol)
  • Liver disease
  • Reticulocytosis
  • Pregnancy
  • Myeloma
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15
Q

Problem with rising hematocrit

A

> Hyperviscosity Syndrome

- associated with development of thrombi (headache, blurred vision and chest pain)

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16
Q

Causes of Raised Reticulocyte + Anemia

A

> Peripheral destruction

  • hemolysis
  • bleeding
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17
Q

Causes of Low Reticulocyte + Anemia

A

> Nutritional deficiency

  • B12/ folate
  • Iron

> Primary bone marrow disorder

  • aplastic anemia
  • bone marrow infiltration from malignancy
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18
Q

Causes of Raised Reticulocyte without Anemia

A
  • Compensated blood loss/ hemolysis

- Adapting to increased oxygen demand

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19
Q

Causes of Leukopenia

A
  • Infection: transient phenomenon in viral, HIV
  • Medication: antibiotic, immunosuppressant chemotherapy
  • Nutrient: B12/ folate, iron
  • Autoimmune
  • BM failure
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20
Q

Causes of Lymphocytosis

A
  • Viral infection
  • Smoking
  • Hyposplenism
  • Malignancy: leukemia/ lymphoma
  • Pertussis
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21
Q

Causes of Lymphopenia

A
  • Infection
  • Older age
  • Alcohol excess
  • HIV
  • Bone marrow disease
  • Medication: cytotoxic, immunosuppressant
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22
Q

Causes of Eosinophilia

A
  • Allergies
  • Parasitic infection
  • Asthma
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23
Q

Causes of Basophilia

A
  • Allergies
  • Chronic inflammation
  • Infection
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Hematological malignancies
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24
Q

Causes of acute Thrombocytopenia

A
  • Consumption (eg: infection, bleeding)
  • Acute viral infection
  • DIC
  • Heparin induced thrombocytopenia
  • ITP
  • Pregnancy: pre-eclampsia/ HELLP syndrome
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25
Sodium
137-149 mmol/L
26
Potassium
3.8-5.2 mmol/L
27
Chloride
97-107 mmol/L
28
Urea
1.7-8.3 mmol/L
29
Cause of decreased BUN
- Fluid overload - Malnutrition - Severe liver disease - SIADH
30
Cause of increase BUN
> Prerenal - CCF - Shock - Vomiting - Diarrhea > Postrenal - Bilateral ureteral obstruction - Bladder outlet obstruction - Bladder dysfunction
31
BUN/ Creatinine ratio
10-20
32
Cause of increase BUN/ Creatinine ratio
- Heart failure - Blood loss - Dehydration
33
Cause of decrease BUN/ Creatinine ratio
- Severe liver disease - SIADH - Pregnancy - Rhabdomyolysis
34
Creatinine
62-133 umol/L
35
Total bilirubin
<17 umol/L
36
Direct bilirubin
<4.3 umol/L
37
Albumin
35-50 g/L
38
Globulin
20-35 g/L
39
AST
1-73 U/L
40
ALT
1-41 U/L
41
ALP
35-125 U/L
42
Total Protein
62-77 g/L
43
Liver enzyme and location
- AST: Liver, cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle - ALT: Liver - ALP: Liver, bones - GGT: Liver, biliary epithelial cells
44
pH
7.35 - 7.45
45
pCO2
35-45
46
pO2
80-100
47
Base Excess (BE)
+- 3 mmol/L
48
SO2
95-99% | 22-26 mmol/L
49
Causes of raised anion gap
- Starvation and Uremia - Increased concentration of lactate, ketones, or renal acids - Overdoses of PCM, salicylates, methanol, or ethylene glycol
50
Random blood glucose
< 8 mmol/L
51
Fasting blood glucose
< 100 mg/dL
52
Cholesterol
0.1 - 5.2 mmol/L
53
Triglyceride
0.1 - 2.3 mmol/L
54
HDL-cholesterol
0.9 - 999 mmol/L
55
LDL-cholesterol
0.9 - 3.9 mmol/L
56
Calcium
2.02 - 2.6 mmol/L
57
Prothrombin time
11 - 16 sec
58
aPTT
28 - 45 sec
59
Causes of prolonged PT
- Vitamin K antagonist (eg: Warfarin) - Heparin - Vitamin K deficiency (eg: malnutrition, prolonged broad-spectrum Abx, fat malabsorption syndrome) - Liver disease - DIC - Factor deficiency (eg: factor II, V, VII, or X) - Antiphospholipid antibodies
60
Causes of prolonged aPTT
- Heparin - Direct thrombin/ factor Xa inhibitor - Liver disease - DIC - vWD - Hemophilia A or B - Factor inhibitor - Lupus anticoagulant type inhibitor
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