-sponsored the Quality and Safety Education for Nursing (QSEN) with the initiative with the overall goal of “preparing future nurses who will have the knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary..”
The Robert Word Johnson Foundation
-a market approach based on managed competition as a major strategy to contain healthcare cost, still dominant approach used today
Managed care
-is directed to develop competencies of future nursing graduates in six key areas, including patient-centered care, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, teamwork, and collaboration, safety, and informatics
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)
-contains these assumptions: The world is evolving. There is more than meets the eye. The social world is created. Reality. Is a conception perceived in the mind. Thinking is dynamic and constructive
Idealism
-contains these assumptions: the world is static. Seeing is believing. The social world is a given. Reality is physical and independent. Logical thinking is superior.
Realism
- leading cause of death in the 1800s
- nurses visited patients bedridden and instructed persons in all settings about prevention of the disease
Tuberculosis (TB)
-provided jobs for unemployed people
Civil works administration
-provides access to health care for older adults, poor persons and people with disabilities
Social Security Act
- study on nurses and the media
- reported the lack of representation that nurses have in the media
Woodhull study commissioned by Sigma Theta Tau International
- aging population
- consumerism
- containing cost
- education
- increased technology
- access to health care
- homelessness
Future issues and challenges
- ministering angel
- the battleaxe
- the naughty nurse
- the doctor’s handmaider
- male stereotyping (gay)
Nursing stereotypes
- is the lens through which you see the world
- are philosophical foundations that support our approaches to research.
Paradigms
- indicates what we value
- demonstrates a personal confidence in validity of a person, object or idea
Belief
-the principles and ideals that give meaning and direction to our social, personal, and professional lives
Values
- systems are a set of inter-related parts that make up the whole
- open(interacts with environment) and closed(doesn’t interact with environment)
- systems strive to maintain homeostasis (equilibrium)
System Theory
- open system
- genetic determinants
- affected by the environment
- capable of adapting
Person
- dynamic
- on a continuum
- holistic
- affected by environment (health beliefs and practices)
Health
- promotes or interferes with well being
- physical (air quality)
- non-physical (people interaction)
Environment
- integrates all concepts into a whole
- depicts the relationship
- open system
- collaborative
- requires advanced knowledge
- requires concern, compassion and respect
- links theory, research and practice
Nursing
-morality, creativity, pontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts
- Self-Actualization
-self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of others, respect by others
- Esteem
-Friendship, family, sexual intimacy
- Love/Belonging
-Security of: body, employment, resources, morality, the family, health and property
- Safety
-breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretion
- Physiological
