notes from A

Question 1

Type of Radiation that passes through matter

Answer 1

Electromagnetic radiation

Question 2

type of radiation that passes down to offspring

Answer 2

Genetic

Question 3

Produced by interaction from the primary beam and the matter

Answer 3

Secondary

Question 4

What controls density ?

Answer 4

Mass & volume
Time and mAs

Question 5

Where is the lingual foramen located ?

Answer 5

the inner surface of the MANDIBLE in the MIDLINE of the CHIN region

Question 6

Where is the mental Foramen located ?

Answer 6

BELOW the SECOND PREMOLR TOOTH on the MANDIBLE/ between the FIRST & SECOND PREMOLARS

Question 7

What are the causes for incorrect vertical alignment?

Answer 7

elongation (to flat) or foreshortened (to steep)

Question 8

Vertical angulation was insufficient or TOO FLAT resulting in images that are LONGER than the actual teeth is ?

Answer 8

Elongation

Question 9

Vertical angulation was excessive, or TOO STEEP, and as a result images are SHORTER than the actual teeth is?

Answer 9

Foreshortened

Question 10

Is the digital sensor critical, Noncritical, or semi critical ?

Answer 10

Semi critical

Question 11

How to clean Noncritical things?

Answer 11

Intermediate-level or low-level infection techniques are required for their care between patients.

Question 12

How to clean critical instruments ?

Answer 12

must be sterilized after each use

Question 13

How to clean Semi critical instruments?

Answer 13

must be sterilized after each use if cant be sterilized high-level disinfection is required

Question 14

What is the maximum permissible dose for radiographers?

Answer 14

50mSv/year
0.05Sv/year
5.0rem/year

Question 15

What does the unit Gy represent?

Answer 15

the standard unit for measuring absorbed radiation dose
Gray=(Gy)

Question 16

Gray (Gy) Equation:

Answer 16

1Gy=0.01J/kg

Question 17

what does the unit J/kg represents?

Answer 17

1 Joule (J) of energy per kilogram of tissue

Question 18

The SI unit = rad is the gray (Gy) equation:

Answer 18

1 rad= 0.01 Gy
1 Gy = 100 rad

Question 19

When is it appropriate to give out radiographs?

Answer 19

The dentist is responsible for prescribing dental images

Dental uses professional judgement to decide the number, type, and frequency of images.

Question 20

When a pt. is being difficult who should stay to take pictures?

Answer 20

The radiographer should stay and take time to explain the procedure and allow the apprehensive patient to ask questions

Question 21

What does an occlusal x-ray detect?

Answer 21

interproximal caries (tooth decay)

detecting early caries lesions that are not clinically evident

to monitor the progression of dental caries, asses existing restorations, and examine the crestal bone levels between teeth

Question 22

What is a error in horizontal angulation ?

Answer 22

Overlapping contacts occurs with the paralleling and bisecting technique

Question 23

overlapping contacts :

Answer 23

the contact area of one tooth is superimposed over the contact area of an adjacent tooth

Question 24

What is a reason why someone may receive a extraoral panoramic?

Answer 24

used to examine the maxilla and mandible on a single projection

To capture a broad overview of the entire mouth, jaws, and surrounding structures in a single image.

Question 25

What does the kVp control?

Answer 25

The quality or wavelength and energy of the x-ray beam

Question 26

What does mAs control?

Answer 26

(milliamperage) Quantity of x-rays photons * controls the amperage of the filament current and the amount of electrons that pass through the filament.

Question 27

What is a filter made of ?

Answer 27

aluminum

Question 28

what is the purpose of a filter ?

Answer 28

to filter out the longer-wavelength, low-energy x-rays from the x-ray beam improves image quality and reduces patient dose.

Question 29

Primary Radiation

Answer 29

Penetrating x-ray beam that is produced at the target of the anode that exits the tube head. *THE PRIMARY BEAM / USEFUL BEAM

Question 30

Where is the internal oblique ridge?

Answer 30

Linear prominence of bone located on the INTERNAL SURFACE of the MANDIBLE that extends DOWNARD and FORWARD from the RAMUS.

Question 31

What disease is most likely to be transferred to a radiographer?

Answer 31

PATHOGENS

Question 32

If a patient has a tori (Torus) on the maxillary where should you place the sensor?

Answer 32

Maxillary tori - must place receptor far side of the torus and then expose.

Question 33

What angulation should the radiographer stand in a room to be protected from a x-ray?

Answer 33

perpendicular to the primary beam 90% to 135% angle to the beam

Question 34

What is the rule for paralleling a sensor?

Answer 34

1. Receptor must cover the area of intrest 2. receptor must be positioned parallel to the long axis of the tooth 3. the central ray must be perpendicular to the receptor and the long axis of the tooth. 4. the central ray must be directed through the contact areas between teeth 5. the x-ray beam must be centered over the receptor to ensure that all areas of the rector are exposed