1
Q
Define hauptbriefe
A
Chief or principal letters. Galatians, Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians
2
Q
What are the two categories by which Paul’s epistles are arranged in the NT? How are the letters arranged within each category?
A
- 1st group: Paul’s letters to churches, 2nd group: Letters to individuals
- Within each group: longest to shortest
3
Q
How many epistles did Paul write which appear in the NT? According to Dr. Wicker, are any of them anonymous or pseudonymous?
A
13 letters. None are anonymous or pseudonymous
4
Q
Which Pauline letter is written to a group of churches?
A
Galatians
5
Q
In which epistle did Paul describe his conversion and early ministry?
A
Galatians
6
Q
Explain the main difference between the North Galatia and the South Galatia theory of the destination of Galatians.
A
- South Galatia view – Paul wrote it in AD 49, after his first missionary journey
- North Galatia view – Paul wrote it in AD 54-56, during his third missionary journey
7
Q
What occasion led Paul to write Galatians?
A
- Paul and Barnabas went to Asia Minor on their 1st missionary journey, AD 48-49. Later, Jewish Christians (Judaizers) went there and told people they had to become Jews before becoming Christians (had to be circumcised.)
8
Q
In what sense did Paul use the term “apostle” to refer to himself? What is the meaning of this term that can apply to every Christian?
A
- An apostle was an eyewitness of Jesus and a leader in the early church.
- The definition of “one sent forth” applies to every Christian.
9
Q
What is legalism? What was the legalism that Paul wrote against in Galatians?
A
- Depending on good works for salvation, rather than grace through faith alone
10
Q
Who were the Judaizers? Briefly share how did Paul answered the Judaizers in Galatians.
A
- Judaizers insisted that people had to convert to Judaism (be circumcised) in order to be become Christians (be saved).
- Paul refused to give in to them at all. He refuted their claims passionately.
11
Q
What word was the common greeting used by Gentiles and what word was the common greeting used by Jews in Paul’s day that to which he gave a deeper meaning in the greetings of his letters?
A
Gentiles - grace; Jews - peace (shalom)
12
Q
What is a doxology?
A
- A short praise to God or Jesus. Usually uses words like “praise, forever, and amen”
13
Q
When Paul and Barnabas went to Jerusalem for Paul’s “second time,” who was a test case that they brought with them (2:1-5)? What was the issue? Why did Paul visit with the pillars of the church at Jerusalem at this time?
A
- Titus was the test case. Judaizers tried to convince him to be circumcised. Paul opposed them and said that Titus did not have to be circumcised.
- Paul met with the pillars of the church at Jerusalem for them to approve his ministry and recognize his calling to minister to the Gentiles
14
Q
What is the New Perspective on Paul?
A
- Argument that Paul was not talking about individual salvation (works vs faith) but rather about uniting Jews and Gentiles. He was arguing against the Jew-specific portions of the law.
- Judaism at that time was not monolithic. They did not try to earn salvation by obedience to the law. The reformers misinterpreted this.
- Rather, Jews practiced covenantal nomism – good works kept them within the covenant of God.
- Paul merely argued against Jewish nationalism and exclusivism – dealt with who got saved, not how they got saved.
15
Q
What is the negative use of the law (3:19, 22)? What is the positive use (3:23-24)?
A
- Negative use – reveals sin
- Positive use – a tutor or custodian to lead first the Jews and then all people to Christ
16
Q
What does Galatians 3:28 address?
A
- There are no distinctions regarding salvation
- Distinctions such as male and female certainly exist, but not in regards to salvation. Everyone is equal when it comes to salvation
17
Q
How was Jesus born “in the fullness of time” (4:4)?
A
- For thousands of years, God had been preparing for that particular moment in history for Jesus to be born.
- The Law had prepared the Jews for their need for Christ, their Scriptures all pointed to him.
- Jews were sick of foreign subjugation and had a heightened Messianic expectation. Religious hunger because of the emptiness of the Greek philosophies and “gods.”
- Greek language had spread, Romans built excellent system of roads, pax romana.
18
Q
What does it mean that the Galatians would have plucked out their eyes for Paul (v. 15)?
A
- They would have done anything to help Paul with his physical affliction, even sacrificing something as precious as their own eyes. Could mean that Paul’s affliction was eye-related, but not necessarily.
19
Q
When Paul used Hagar, Ishmael, Sarah, and Isaac as allegories, who do each represent (vv. 21-31)?
A
- Isaac represents the sons of faith (Sarah) while Ishmael represents the sons of works of the law (Hagar)
20
Q
What does Galatians say about a Christian being free in Christ (Gal 5:1, 13-14, 16)?
A
- We are free from slavery to sin and from living under the law. But we should use our freedom to love and serve others, not to satisfy our own desires.
21
Q
What are the fruit of the Spirit (5:22-23)? Describe them as a whole. Contrast them as a whole with the deeds of the flesh.
A
- Love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control.
- Godly virtues developed in Christians by the Holy Spirit.
- They are all self-sacrificial, putting others first. They reflect God’s own character.
- Deeds of the flesh are selfish and sinful, putting our own desires over those of others. They stand in stark contrast to the character of God.
22
Q
Name and describe the five typical divisions of one of Paul’s epistles.
A
- Prescription – greeting and identification
- Thanksgiving
- Body – content of the letter (opening, doctrine, application)
- Travel log
- Subscription – final greetings, instructions, Paul’s own signature
23
Q
How did the original recipients know a letter was really from Paul (and not an imposter)? There were two ways.
A
- Testimony of the letter’s carrier (he used friends to deliver his letters)
- Paul’s autograph near the end (in large letters)
24
Q
What is an amanuensis? Describe three different ideas on how much control an amanuensis had who recorded a writing that became part of the NT.
A
- Amanuensis – secretary or scribe – wrote the letter as Paul dictated
- 1) Dictation – no control, just wrote it down
- 2) Some change – Made changes, but Paul corrected if necessary
- 3) Much change – Paul did or did not correct
25
Know the following terms: papyrus, parchment, scroll, letter, and epistle
* Papyrus – plant based, about 9 ½ x 11” in size. Each sheet held 150-250 words. Pages sewn together to form a scroll.
* Parchment – made from animal skin, more durable, more expensive.
* Epistle = letter
26
When and from where did Paul write 1 and 2 Thessalonians? Thessalonica was located on what major Roman road?
* 1 Thess – spring/summer AD 50
* 2 Thess – AD 50-51
* Both written from Corinth during Paul’s second missionary journey
27
List Paul’s six major themes in 1 Thessalonians.
* Encouraged the church as they faced persecution
* Defended his motives and actions when he had previously ministered to them
* Urged them to live in sexual purity
* Explained a proper Christian work ethic
* Answered their worries about the death of some Christians (they will participate in the return of Christ)
* Exhorted them to respect their church leaders
28
What is another name for Silvanus (1:1)? Who are the “saints” (3:13)?
* Silvanus = Silas
* Saints = believers
29
How did Paul describe his pastoral parental skills in dealing with the Thessalonians (1 Thess 2:7, 11)?
* Gentle as a mother, implored them as a father
* Sought to please God (not men), shared the gospel as well as their upright lives
30
Who several times prevented Paul from visiting the Thessalonians after his initial visit (2:18)?
Satan
31
Whom did Paul send to strengthen and encourage the Christians at Thessalonica (3:2)?
Timothy
32
What are two practices Paul often did to strengthen and encourage a church after he established it and went to other places (1:2; 3:2, 10-13)?
Sent letters, sent a coworker to encourage them
33
Define “sanctification”? What is a person’s “vessel” that must be kept in “sanctification and honor” (4:4)?
* Sanctification – the process of growing in Christlikeness, being set apart for Him
* A person’s vessel is his body.
34
Who are the ones Paul referred to who were "asleep" according to 1 Thessalonians 4:13-18? Why were the Christians at Thessalonica worried them? What was Paul’s answer to them?
* Asleep was a euphemism for dead
* Christians at Thessalonica were worried about them because they thought the dead might miss out on the resurrection and future glory when Christ returned
* Paul told them that dead Christians were already with Christ and would return with Him at His second coming.
35
How is it that “the dead in Christ shall rise first” (1 Thess 4:16)? How does this event fit with 2 Corinthians 5:8 saying that to absent in the body is to be present with the Lord?
* Dead in Christ will rise first – earthly bodies joining their pre-resurrection bodies
* No soul sleep. Their spirits/souls were already with Christ
36
Distinguish between a monophysite, bipartite (dichotomy), and tripartite (trichotomy) view of a human? What are the three parts of a tripartite view?
* Monophysite – humans are a single indivisible unit
* Bipartite (dichotomy) – humans consist of two parts, body and soul/spirit
* Tripartite (trichotomy) – humans consist of three parts, body, soul (personality), and spirit (part that can know God)
37
List Paul’s three major themes in 2 Thessalonians.
* Paul encouraged them during their persecution
* He straightened out their misunderstanding regarding the second coming of Christ
* Explained how to deal with unruly and undisciplined people
38
What was the problem in the church at Thessalonica that Paul tried to correct in 2 Thessalonians (2 Thess 2:2-3; 3:10-11)?
* Some thought that the second coming had already happened
* Some people were being lazy, unruly, undisciplined
39
Who is the “man of lawlessness”? What are two other names for him?
* Antichrist, son of destruction
* Satan’s man sent to deceive and draw people away from God
40
Explain six possibilities for identifying the “restrainer” in 2 Thessalonians 2.
* Roman government/Caesar
* Missionary preaching of Paul
* The Bible
* An angel, such as Michael
* Pretribulation church
* The Holy Spirit (Dr. Wicker’s preferred view)
41
What is the "apostasy" in 2 Thessalonians 2:3?
* Antichrist will set himself up in the Temple and declare himself to be God
42
Paul gave a simple work ethic for Christians in 2 Thessalonians
if a person does not work, he does not eat (2 Thess 3:10).
43
Explain the reasons for the four letters Paul wrote to Corinth and their chronological order.
* Paul’s second missionary journey – Paul made first visit to Corinth (AD 50-52)
* Paul wrote Corinthians A (no longer extant)
* Paul wrote 1 Corinthians (Corinthians B) from Ephesus during his 3rd missionary journey (spring 55 or 56)
* Timothy maybe visited Corinth and returned to Paul with a bad report
* Paul’s second visit to Corinth (a painful visit)
* Paul wrote Corinthians C, no longer extant. Sorrowful letter.
* Titus probably delivers C and returns with encouraging report
* Paul wrote 2 Corinthians (Corinthians D) from Macedonia in fall 56
* Paul visits Corinth for the third time, write Romans from there
44
What were the four problems in the Corinthian church as reported to Paul by members of Chloe's household that Paul wrote about in 1 Corinthians chapters 1-6?
* Church factions
* Incest, apostolic discipline
* Dealing with courts (Christian lawsuits)
* Immorality
45
Who was Sosthenes (1:1)?
* Former Corinth synagogue leader whom the people beat up at Gallio’s bema (judgment seat) after Paul was dismissed
46
In 1 Corinthians 1:16 Paul wrote that he baptized the house of Stephanas, but other than that household, Paul did not remember if he baptized anyone else in Corinth. What does this statement tell us about the process of the inspiration of the Bible?
* Not straight-up dictation. If God was literally dictating these words to Paul, he would have just helped Paul remember the names of the people he baptized
46
In 1 Corinthians 1:16 Paul wrote that he baptized the house of Stephanas, but other than that household, Paul did not remember if he baptized anyone else in Corinth. What does this statement tell us about the process of the inspiration of the Bible?
* Not straight-up dictation. If God was literally dictating these words to Paul, he would have just helped Paul remember the names of the people he baptized
46
In 1 Corinthians 1:16 Paul wrote that he baptized the house of Stephanas, but other than that household, Paul did not remember if he baptized anyone else in Corinth. What does this statement tell us about the process of the inspiration of the Bible?
* Not straight-up dictation. If God was literally dictating these words to Paul, he would have just helped Paul remember the names of the people he baptized
46
How was the issue of baptism divisive at Corinth?
* The church had split into factions based on who had baptized them.
46
Name and define the three kinds of people Paul mentioned in 1 Corinthians 2:14—3:4.
* Spiritual Christian – believer who is actively growing in the Lord
* Carnal Christian – believer whose faith is stagnant, doesn’t look much different from a nonbeliever
* Natural Man – non-Christian
46
Name and define the three kinds of people Paul mentioned in 1 Corinthians 2:14—3:4.
* Spiritual Christian – believer who is actively growing in the Lord
* Carnal Christian – believer whose faith is stagnant, doesn’t look much different from a nonbeliever
* Natural Man – non-Christian
47
Name and define the three kinds of people Paul mentioned in 1 Corinthians 2:14—3:4.
* Spiritual Christian – believer who is actively growing in the Lord
* Carnal Christian – believer whose faith is stagnant, doesn’t look much different from a nonbeliever
* Natural Man – non-Christian
48
What judgment does a Christian face (1 Cor 3:10-15)?
* Our works for Christ are rewarded at the bema (judgment seat) of Christ
* Works for His glory endure, works not for Him burn up
49
What judgment does a Christian face (1 Cor 3:10-15)?
* Our works for Christ are rewarded at the bema (judgment seat) of Christ
* Works for His glory endure, works not for Him burn up
50
What was the immorality Paul mentioned in 1 Corinthians 5:1-5? What does “deliver such a one to Satan” mean (5:5)?
* Incest (a man and his stepmom)
* Deliver him to Satan means to disfellowship him, kick him out of the church. The world outside the church is the realm of Satan.
51
What four immediate steps of discipline did Paul tell the Corinthian church to take in 5:5?
* Kick him out of the church, hand him over to Satan, hope that he repents and returns
52
Give three examples of types of situations when discipline is needed. Give three “rhyming reasons” for church discipline
* To preserve fidelity of doctrine (kick out someone who is spreading heresy)
* To preserve purity of life (moral failures)
* Unity of the fellowship (people causing dissension and factions)
53
What was the "previous letter" about (1 Cor 5:9-11)?
* Paul had told them to not associate with any so-called Christians who were walking in egregious sin. The Corinthians misunderstood and thought he had told them to not associate with non-Christians. But that would be impossible without leaving society entirely.
54
In what kind of cases is it wrong for a Christian to take another Christian to court (1 Cor 6)? Instead, what should Christians do?
* Christians should avoid brother vs brother civil cases (this does not include criminal cases)
* Christians should submit to Christian arbitration or just let the matter go
55
How is a sexual sin different from other sins (1 Cor 6:18)?
* Sexual sin is worse than other sin because it is a sin against one’s own body
56
What four issues or questions in a letter to Paul did Paul answer in 1 Corinthians 7-15 (in other words, the main outline points of these chapters)?
* Marriage issues (Should we get married? Can we get divorced? Should we practice abstinence within marriage?)
* Meat offered to idols
* Worship abuses (women’s head coverings, Lord’s supper, spiritual gifts)
* The Resurrection
57
What does Paul teach about divorce in the case of a Christian who is married to a non-Christian (1 Cor 7)?
* Christians should not marry non-Christians, but if they do, they should stay married. Exception is if the non-believing spouse chooses to leave. Then, the Christian spouse is free to divorce and remarry.
58
Why does Paul say it is better for the unmarried in Corinth to stay unmarried (1 Cor 7)? Was Paul against marriage? Why or why not?
Single people can more easily devote themselves to the Lord. Also, he foresaw a coming persecution in Corinth which might make marriage impractical at that time. He was not anti-marriage in general.
59
What two main questions about eating meat that Paul answers in 1 Corinthians 8, 10? What answer did he give to each question? Give three modern applications for this teaching.
* Should a Christian eat meat that has been sacrificed to idols? It’s fine, as long as your freedom doesn’t cause a weaker believer to stumble (go against their own conscience).
* Should a Christian take part in a meal at a pagan temple? No, demons are there. Christians should avoid.
* Three modern applications – Alcohol, celebrating Halloween, certain movies/TV shows
59
What two main questions about eating meat that Paul answers in 1 Corinthians 8, 10? What answer did he give to each question? Give three modern applications for this teaching.
* Should a Christian eat meat that has been sacrificed to idols? It’s fine, as long as your freedom doesn’t cause a weaker believer to stumble (go against their own conscience).
* Should a Christian take part in a meal at a pagan temple? No, demons are there. Christians should avoid.
* Three modern applications – Alcohol, celebrating Halloween, certain movies/TV shows
59
What two main questions about eating meat that Paul answers in 1 Corinthians 8, 10? What answer did he give to each question? Give three modern applications for this teaching.
* Should a Christian eat meat that has been sacrificed to idols? It’s fine, as long as your freedom doesn’t cause a weaker believer to stumble (go against their own conscience).
* Should a Christian take part in a meal at a pagan temple? No, demons are there. Christians should avoid.
* Three modern applications – Alcohol, celebrating Halloween, certain movies/TV shows
60
What two main questions about eating meat that Paul answers in 1 Corinthians 8, 10? What answer did he give to each question? Give three modern applications for this teaching.
* Should a Christian eat meat that has been sacrificed to idols? It’s fine, as long as your freedom doesn’t cause a weaker believer to stumble (go against their own conscience).
* Should a Christian take part in a meal at a pagan temple? No, demons are there. Christians should avoid.
* Three modern applications – Alcohol, celebrating Halloween, certain movies/TV shows
60
What two main questions about eating meat that Paul answers in 1 Corinthians 8, 10? What answer did he give to each question? Give three modern applications for this teaching.
* Should a Christian eat meat that has been sacrificed to idols? It’s fine, as long as your freedom doesn’t cause a weaker believer to stumble (go against their own conscience).
* Should a Christian take part in a meal at a pagan temple? No, demons are there. Christians should avoid.
* Three modern applications – Alcohol, celebrating Halloween, certain movies/TV shows
61
How did Paul apply “Do not muzzle the ox while he is threshing (Deut 25:4 quoted in 1 Cor 9:9)” to apostles of his day?
* Oxen should be allowed to eat while they are working on the grain. They deserve to be fed for their work. In the same way, Paul and the other apostles should be paid (fed) for their work for the Gospel. They should be able to make a living through ministry.
62
Does Paul becoming “all things to all men” to lead them to a saving faith in Christ mean that he is accommodating the message or the messenger to his listeners?
* He is accommodating the messenger (himself), not the message. He never modified or watered down his message. He simply avoided doing things that would offend his listeners (eating pork, etc) because that would end the conversation before it even started.
62
Does Paul becoming “all things to all men” to lead them to a saving faith in Christ mean that he is accommodating the message or the messenger to his listeners?
* He is accommodating the messenger (himself), not the message. He never modified or watered down his message. He simply avoided doing things that would offend his listeners (eating pork, etc) because that would end the conversation before it even started.
63
To what kind of athletic events does Paul liken the Christian life in 1 Corinthians 9:24-27?
* A race. Panhellenic Isthmian Games.
63
To what kind of athletic events does Paul liken the Christian life in 1 Corinthians 9:24-27?
* A race. Panhellenic Isthmian Games.
64
What were the three worship abuses Paul addressed in 1 Corinthians 11-12?
* Women’s head coverings
* The Lord’s Supper
* Spiritual gifts
65
What are three ways to understand how a woman in Corinth might have her head uncovered? Also, give three explanations for why Paul said this was a wrong practice.
* Removing her veil, letting her hair down, cutting her hair short. We don’t know which of these he meant.
* Explanation – having hair covered (or put up) was a sign of being married. To leave her hair down or uncovered would label her as a prostitute, or at least a loose woman. This was disrespectful to her husband or usurped his authority over her.
66
Because of their abuse of the Lord’s Supper, what had happened to many of the Christians in Corinth (1 Cor 11:30)?
* Many were sick and some had died.
67
Give the main themes of chapters 12-14 of 1 Corinthians in how they relate to one another.
* Chapters 12-14 are a unity, all about spiritual gifts.
* What is a spiritual gift (ch 12)?
* What is a spiritual person (ch 13)?
* How does a spiritual person use a spiritual gift (ch 14)?
68
We call 1 Corinthians 13 the love chapter. However, it was written with what issue in its immediate context?
* Immediate context of how to use spiritual gifts in the church
69
Give three different interpretations of “the perfect” in 1 Corinthians 13:10? How does each one impact if you believe tongues (glossolalia) & prophecy are still valid gifts for today?
* Completion of the NT canon (cessationists)
* Individual Christian maturity
* Return of Christ (continuationists, though perhaps not so much in America)
70
What three groups in the Corinthian church did Paul tell “be quiet” in 1 Corinthians 14?
* Those speaking in tongues, prophets (public testimony), women
71
Did Paul speak in tongues (1 Cor 14:18)? Are all Christians supposed to speak in tongues (12:30)?
* Paul did speak in tongues, but it was private.
* Not all Christians will speak in tongues, and that’s okay.
* Tongues are actually a negative sign to nonbelievers because they will think we are crazy.
71
Did Paul speak in tongues (1 Cor 14:18)? Are all Christians supposed to speak in tongues (12:30)?
* Paul did speak in tongues, but it was private.
* Not all Christians will speak in tongues, and that’s okay.
* Tongues are actually a negative sign to nonbelievers because they will think we are crazy.
71
Did Paul speak in tongues (1 Cor 14:18)? Are all Christians supposed to speak in tongues (12:30)?
* Paul did speak in tongues, but it was private.
* Not all Christians will speak in tongues, and that’s okay.
* Tongues are actually a negative sign to nonbelievers because they will think we are crazy.
71
Did Paul speak in tongues (1 Cor 14:18)? Are all Christians supposed to speak in tongues (12:30)?
* Paul did speak in tongues, but it was private.
* Not all Christians will speak in tongues, and that’s okay.
* Tongues are actually a negative sign to nonbelievers because they will think we are crazy.
72
What are the four clear guidelines for speaking in tongues in a public worship service (1 Cor 14:27-28)?
* Two or three people at most
* One at a time
* Each with an interpreter
* Otherwise, shut up!
73
We call 1 Corinthians 15 the resurrection chapter. Did Paul believe in a bodily resurrection for believers? How will it differ from our earthly body?
* Yes, bodily resurrection.
* Resurrection body will be heavenly, imperishable, spiritual.
* We cannot enter heaven with our physical, earthly, earthy bodies
74
When and from where did Paul write 2 Corinthians?
* AD 56 from Macedonia
75
How is a Christian an aroma of life to life to a Christian and from death to death to a non Christian (2 Cor 2:15-16)?
* The gospel is a message of life to some (those who would accept it) and a message of condemnation to others (who would reject it).
76
What is an ambassador (2 Cor 5:20)?
* An ambassador is one who represents a king or state. As Christ’s ambassadors we bring His message to the world and represent Him to nonbelievers.
77
What are 3 obvious social applications to the prohibition against being equally yoked (2 Cor 6:14)?
marriage, business partnerships, and close friendships
78
Who came to Paul with a good report that the Corinthian church had responded positively to Paul’s letter (2 Cor 7:5-16)?
Titus
79
What kind of collection did Paul write about in 2 Corinthians 8, 9? In what three letters by Paul did he mention the collection for the saints in Jerusalem?
* Freewill offering, not a tithe
* 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, and Romans
80
What was a charge Paul’s enemies brought against him concerning his letters, personal appearance, and speech (2 Cor 10:10)?
* They said he was forceful in his letters but “unimpressive” in public appearance and used “contemptible” speech in person.
81
How did Paul prove his apostleship in 2 Cor 11:23-28?
* By listing his sufferings and mentioning his amazing vision/trip to the 3rd heaven
82
What are some possible explanations for Paul's "thorn in the flesh" (2 Cor 12:7-9)?
* Physical (bad eyesight, epilepsy, palsy, malaria, recurring fever, deformed body, stuttering, etc.)
* Spiritual (worry, demonic oppression, etc)
83
Which Pauline epistle is the longest and most systematic?
Romans
84
When and from where was Romans written?
* Spring AD 57, from Corinth during Paul’s 3rd missionary journey
85
Did Paul or Peter probably start the church at Rome? If not, who probably started the church?
* Not Paul or Peter, no Biblical evidence of that
* Probably converts from Pentecost
86
Which two of Paul's epistles did he write to a church he had not yet visited?
Romans and Colossians
87
List a good general theme possibility for Romans and then five more specific themes (based on sections in Romans).
* The Gospel or the Gospel of the righteousness of God is a good general theme
* Five specific themes: Justification by faith (1-4), union with Christ (6-8), history of salvation (9-11), clear explanation of the Gospel (Roman Road), an appeal for unity (14-15)
88
To whom did the gospel first go: Jews or Gentiles? Why?
* Jews first. God’s chosen people had first “dibs.” But once they ultimately rejected it, then the Gentiles were next.
89
What is intercessory prayer? Are the majority of prayers in the Bible intercessory or personal petition?
* Praying for someone else. Some 78% of the prayers in the Bible are intercessory and
22% are personal petitions (for self).
90
What do the following terms mean: righteousness, justification, redemption, propitiation (3:24-26)?
* Righteousness – a right relationship with God
* Justification is the act by which God declares a person righteous through the atoning act of Jesus
* Redemption - a marketplace term: to buy back or pay the price for a person or object.
* Propitiation – an altar term, to be covered with the blood of the sacrifice
91
Name some blessings (benefits) of justification for the believer (Romans 5:1-5).
* Peace, joy, perseverance, proven character, hope, love
92
Contrast between Adam and Christ using a phrase for each chapter of Romans: 6, 7, & 8.
* Chapter 6 – sin (Adam) vs righteousness (Christ)
* Chapter 7 – law (Adam) vs grace (Christ)
* Chapter 8 – death (Adam) vs life (Christ)
93
What are the various possibilities for identifying the struggle to which Paul referred in Romans 7:14-25? Which position do you take?
* Paul prior to his salvation
* Paul after his salvation (my view)
* A pagan prior to salvation
* A pagan after salvation
94
What does it mean that the Holy Spirit help us with “groanings too deep for words” (Romans 8:26)?
* Sometimes we don’t know what how to pray or what to pray for. We may not know what God’s will is for a particular situation (to heal the person or for them to die, etc). Or we are so wrapped up in the situation emotionally (sick child, etc) that we can’t even form words about it. The Holy Spirit intercedes for us in those times.
95
Why was Israel rejected (Romans 9:30-33)? How strongly did Paul desire to see his people, the Jews, come to faith in Christ (9:3)?
* Jews were rejected because they had rejected Christ as Messiah
* Paul was willing to be accursed (cut off from Christ, sent to hell) if that would help save the Jews
96
What is “a partial hardening” (Romans 11:25)? What is “the fullness of the Gentiles” (11:25)? What does it mean that “all Israel will be saved” (11:26)?
* Partial hardening means that it is currently hard for the Jews to receive the Gospel
* Fullness of the Gentiles – 1) a certain number of Gentiles; 2) a certain number of places around the world where the Gospel is shared; 3) a certain predetermined time period runs out
* All Israel will be saved – 1) universalism (everyone is saved); 2) “Israel” refers to the Church (replacement theology); 3) Every Jew will come to Christ at His return; 4) Many Jews will come to Christ at His return (Dr. Wicker’s view)
97
What missionary journey did Paul mention in Romans 15:24 that he hoped to take (but we have no record that he ever did take)?
Spain
98
What is the explanation for the name "Captivity (or Prison) Epistles"?
* Common theme of Paul’s imprisonment in these letters. Probably written while he was under house arrest.
99
Which four epistles are named the Captivity (Prison) Epistles?
* Philippians, Ephesians, Colossians, Philemon
100
What are the three possible cities from which Paul wrote the Captivity Epistles? How long was Paul imprisoned in each of these cities? What possible years did he write them?
* Rome – house arrest for 2 years (AD 61-63)
* Caesarea Maritima – prison for 2 years (AD 57-59)
* Ephesus – no known imprisonment there (AD 54-56)
101
Give six proofs for the traditional location from which Paul wrote the Captivity Epistles.
* Traditional location is Rome
* 1) References in Philippians to Praetorian Guard and Caesar’s household fit well
* 2) Rome was the center of the Empire, a great crossroads – good place for Gospel to spread
* 3) House arrest gave Paul more opportunities to witness than prison would have
* 4) Paul’s Roman travel companions are mentioned
* 5) Paul had hope of an early release
* 6) Little or no Judaizer conflict
102
Which Captivity Epistle was the most likely to have been a circular letter? What is a circular letter?
Ephesians
103
What other New Testament epistle has the most in common with Colossians?
Ephesians
104
What does Eph. 5:21 say to Christians should do? How does this fit with 5:22?
* Submit to one another in the fear of Christ (Eph 5:21)
* 5:22 tells wives to submit to their husbands.
105
In writing instructions to masters and slaves in Ephesians 6:5-9, was Paul saying slavery is a good institution?
* No, he was not condoning slavery. He was simply working within the institutions of his day. But what he said was extraordinary. He addressed the slaves with equality with their masters and said that slaves had a Christian vocation. He also called for masters to treat their slaves kindly.
106
In the Christian's armor mentioned in Ephesians 6:10-18, what does each of the six pieces of armor represent?
* Belt of truth, breastplate of righteousness, shoes of the gospel of peace, shield of faith, helmet of salvation, sword of the spirit which is the word of God
107
What is the theme of Philippians?
* Rejoice in the Lord; unity
108
What letter written by Paul is called the “Thank You” Letter?
Philippians
109
Why was the church at Philippi concerned about Epaphraditus?
They had heard he was very sick.
110
In a few words, what does the kenotic hymn in 2:6-11 teach us about Christ?
* It teaches us about his humility. He emptied Himself of some of His privileges of being God. He set aside some of His power and omniscience, for example. It was a huge step down for Christ to become a human and even another step down to die on the cross.
NT 2 Midterm
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