Atropine
- class
Atropine
Class: anti-arrhythmic (short - term therapy)
Atropine
- indications (4)
Atropine → anti-arrhythmic
Indications:
- acute bradyarrhythmias (short-term Rx)
- the antidote for poisoning with parasympathetic drug
- GI and urogenital spasms
- inhibition of secretion in the stomach and pancreas
MoA of Atropine
Atropine binds to and inhibits muscarinic acetylcholine receptors → wide range of anticholinergic effects
*less PNS input
Contraindications to use of Atropine (9)
Atropine works by inhibiting muscarinic receptors → decrease PNS (increase SNS input)
Contraindications:
- narrow-angle glaucoma
- tachycardia
- GI obstruction
- coronary stenosis
- prostatic enlargement
- bladder dysfunction
- acute pulmonary oedema
- preeclampsia
- last trimester of pregnance
Side effects of atropine
Atropine works by inhibiting muscarinic receptors → decrease PNS (increase SNS input)
Side effects:
- GI disorders
- visual disturbances
- hyperthermia
- urinary retention
- dry mouth
- tachycardia
- restlessness
- hallucinations
What do we need to monitor during atropine therapy? (2)
Constant ECG and vital signs monitoring
Lidocaine
- class
Lidocaine: antiarrhythmics
(Na + channels blocker)
MoA of Lidocaine
Lidocaine blocks sodium ion channels → decreases postsynaptic nerve depolarisation
Indications for use of Lidocaine (1)
- local regional anaesthesia/ nerve block
Lidocaine is only for short-term use
Contraindications for use of Lidocaine (4)
Lidocaine blocks sodium ion channels → decreases postsynaptic nerve depolarisation
Contraindications:
- severe cardiac conduction disturbances
- acute decompensated HF
- heart attack in the last 3 months
- cardiogenic or hypovolaemic shock
Side effects of Lidocaine (5)
- dizziness
- paraesthesia
- drowsiness
- hypotension
- arrhythmia
