1. Given two states, A and B which of the following shows change in disorder? A. ΔH = HB – HA B. ΔS = SB – SA C. ΔG = ΔH – TΔS D. ΔS = SD – SA
B. ΔS = SB – SA
2. Arrange the following from lowest to highest redox potential: 1.) Oxygen 2.) NAD+ 3.) Pyruvate 4.) Carbohydrate 5.) Oxaloacetate A. 1,2,3,4,5 B. 1,3,2,5,4 C. 4,3,5,2,1 D. 4,5,2,3,1 E. 4,3,2,5,1
C. 4,3,5,2,1
3. Which of the following enzymes or cofactors does not participate in redox reactions in living organisms? A. Oxidase B. Dehydrogenase C. Cytochrome D. Oxygenase E. Glycosidase
E. Glycosidase
A. Supply the building block molecules like amino acids and monosaccharides
B. Generate ATP for the energy-dependent activities of the cell
C. Supply reducing substances such as NAD+ and FAD
D. Supply elementary precursors like carbon dioxide and water
E. Couple catabolic and anabolic reactions for maintenance of energy economy
D. Supply elementary precursors like carbon dioxide and water
5. Catabolism : Anabolism as \_\_\_\_:\_\_\_\_\_ A. Endergonic: Exergonic B. Work: Energy C. Entropy : Enthalpy D. Exergonic: Endergonic
D. Exergonic: Endergonic
6. What is the last step of the Electron Transport Chain (no verbatim). A. ADP + Pi = ATP + H2O B. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O C. 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 D. 1/2 O2 + 2 e- + 2H+ → H2O
D. 1/2 O2 + 2 e- + 2H+ → H2O
7. Which of the following pathways is amphibolic? A. Beta-oxidation B. Krebs Cycle C. Glycolysis D. Glycogenesis E. Glycogenolysis
B. Krebs Cycle
A. Its gamma and beta phosphate bonds yield the same amount of energy when cleaved.
C. Protons drive synthase mechanism until ATP is produced
10. Which of the following enzyme complex-inhibitor pairs is incorrect? A. Complex IV – Carbon monoxide B. Complex I - Amobarbital C. Complex II - Malonate D. Complex III – Oligomycin
D. Complex III – Oligomycin
C. Uncoupler that blocks the flow of electrons
12. The branched structure of glycogen is made by a transglucosidase which removes 6 to 8 glucosyl residues from the non-reducing end of the glycogen chain to non-terminal glucosyl units via a \_\_\_\_ linkage. A. alpha (1→4) B. alpha (1→6) C. beta (1→4) D. beta (1→6)
B. alpha (1→6)
13. What is the primary product when glycogen is degraded by glycogen phosphorylase? A. Free glucose B. Glucose-6-phosphate C. Glucose-1- phosphate D. Limit dextin
C. Glucose-1- phosphate
14. Which vitamin is necessary for glycogenolysis to proceed because it acts as a coenzyme for phosphorylase? A. Biotin B. Cobalamin C. Pantothenic acid D. Pyridoxal phosphate
D. Pyridoxal phosphate
B. Phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate
16. Which of the following intermediates in glycolysis is the product of a substrate level phosphorylation, where high energy compounds synthesize ATP without going through the electron transport chain? A. Fructose-6-phosphate B. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate C. 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate D. Pyruvate
D. Pyruvate
17. Which of the following enzymes is involved in catalyzing the rate-limiting step of the pentose phosphate pathway? A. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase B. 6-phosphate-gluconolactone hydrolase C. 6-phosphate-gluconate dehydrogenase D. Transketoaldolase
A. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Match the hormone with the amino acid from which it was derived from A. Cysteine B. Glutamine C. Glutamate D. Tyrosine E. Tryptophan
E. Tryptophan
Match the hormone with the amino acid from which it was derived from A. Cysteine B. Glutamine C. Glutamate D. Tyrosine E. Tryptophan
D. Tyrosine
Match the hormone with the amino acid from which it was derived from A. Cysteine B. Glutamine C. Glutamate D. Tyrosine E. Tryptophan
A. Cysteine
Match the hormone with the amino acid from which it was derived from A. Cysteine B. Glutamine C. Glutamate D. Tyrosine E. Tryptophan
C. Glutamate
22. Which of the following amino acids undergoes transamination for its catabolism? A. Lysine B. Proline C. Glutamate D. Threonine
C. Glutamate
23. Which amino acid transports ammonia to circulation/liver? A. Alanine B. Glutamine C. Glutamate D. Aspartate
B. Glutamine
A. It is facilitated by the active form of gastric and pancreatic proteases as released by the cell.