Question 1

What is the definition and occurance of obestiy

Accepted Answer

- Excessive accumulation of (white) fat tissue - Energy intake > utilization - Overweight ca/fe: ideal body weight +15-30% - Obese ca/fe: ideal body weight + >30% - Occurrence of obesity ca/fe: 20-45% - Endocrine disease: <1% of obese ca/fe

Question 2

What is the two-component model

Accepted Answer

``` A technique of masuring body composition based on two components: 🔺Fat Mass (FM) - Energy reserve (fat) - Homogeneous composition - Water and potassium free 🔺 Fat Free Mass (FFM) - Health state - Constant ratio of components (minerals, ec/ic water, glycogen) ```

Question 3

What are different methods/modles we can use to describe body composition and nutritional status?

Accepted Answer

- Body weight (change) - Body Condition Score (BCS) - Cachexia Score (sick animals) = Muscle Condition Score (MCS) - Morphometric measurements - Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) - Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) (Most specific- density of both soft tissues and bone - osteopor.!) - (Densitometry, CT/MRI, whole body potassium ) - (Chemical analysis of dead body) most accurate but can only be done in dead...

Question 4

What does the body weight measure inform us about?

Accepted Answer

- No information on body composition - Modified by dehydration or fluid accumulation - Scale: exact, same (Should be appropriate for the size of patient) - Monitor changes! (Most imp thing of bwt! Growth, decr: fat accumulation or loss (or other))

Question 5

What does the body condition scoring (BCS) inform us about?

Accepted Answer

- 1...3...5 or 1...5...9 - charts - Most practical (Very important, valuble - should be part of basic values!) BUT: - Subjective - Investigator-to-investigator variance - Body composition is only estimated

Question 6

What are the basic causes of obesity

Accepted Answer

- lower Basic Metabolic Rate (BMR) - lower Physical activity - higher Energy intake We rarely have them alone! May influence eachother

Question 7

Describe the possible backgrounds of decreased BMR

Accepted Answer

- Breed, genetic factors (retriever, beagle, spaniel, dachshund...) - Gender: The female ffm is lower than the male ffm, so the female bmr is lower too as their energy demand is lower. ➡️ in most spp female is more predisp to develope obesity - Neutering decr the BMR - Aging decrease the energy demand/BMR ➡️ Ca: 7-12 years = esp prone to obesity - Hypothyroidism decr. BMR

Question 8

Describe the connection between neutering and obesity

Accepted Answer

🔺Neutered dogs: prevalence of obesity 2x!!!
- BMR ⬇️
- Appetite ⬆️
- Physical activity ⬇️
🔺 Fe: castrated Male can dev most severe obesity!
Indoor neut. (diff in dog - female)
🔺 Energy demand 30% ⬇️ (must red. Intake!)
🔺 2-3 body weight and BCS
monitoring in the year following neutering!

Question 9

Describe the connection btw hypothyroidism and obesity

Accepted Answer

- Especially if the breed is predisposed to both (Eg. Beagles) - FM increase, FFM normal! - BMR decrease, physical activity decrease (lethargy)

Question 10

What are causes of decreased physical activity

Accepted Answer

``` 🔺Indoor lifestyle - Room dog: 31% - Garden dog: 23% 🔺Aging (Painful joint, bone diseases also a factor) 🔺Owner's lifestyle ```

Question 11

Describe higher energy intake as cause of obesity

Accepted Answer

🔺 Polyphagia (pathology, hormones, drugs)
- Cushing’s syndrome!!, stress, (acromegaly)
- Medications: glucocorticoids, progestins, antiepileptics (phenobarbital)
🔺 Calories (fat and carbohydrates) in food ⬆️
- eg. Diet wrong proportion of nutrients, right amount of food.
🔺 Feeding problem/error
- Too big/frequent doses or ad libitum feeding
- Treats, “snacking” at family meals
- Competing for food, more pets in the family
- More family members are feeding
- Feeding ≠ love, voracity ≠ health, snacks ≠ boredom killing

Question 12

What is the connection bwt Cushing's syndrome and obesity

Accepted Answer

- higher fat mass, lower(!) Fat free mass - Abdominal size increase/pot belly, muscle weakness (decr. Activity contr more to problem aswell!)

Question 13

Describe the connection betweein higher calorie/fat content of food and obesity

Accepted Answer

``` 🔺 The energy concentration of fat is highest 🔺 Satiety - Fat ☹️ - Carbohydrate 🙂 - Protein/amino acid 🙂 🔺 Utilization/digestebility of energy content (monogastric) - Fat 98% - Carbohydrate 94% - Protein 77% 🔺 Fat supplement: palatability ⬆️ ```

Question 14

How might obesity be a health risk?

Accepted Answer

🔺Physical 🔺 Endocrinologic and metabolic 🔺 Other

Question 15

How does the physical consequences of obesity influence the health?

Accepted Answer

🔺 Increased load on joints/bones - Ca: cruciate ligament rupture, discopathy 🔺 Tracheal collapse (ca) 🔺 Heatstroke (ca) (more insulation /fat tissue

Obesity Flashcards

(25 cards)