what are adnexal masses evaluated by when assessing for size and echogenic texture
sonography
what imaging is useful in assisting in defining mullerian defects (vaginal agenesis or uterine didelphys)
MRI
what is Intravenous pyelogram used for in OBGYN
assess the concentrating ability of the kidneys, patency of the ureters, and integrity of the bladder
what is hysterosalpingogram useful for
detecting of intrauterine abnormalities (submucous fibroids or intrauterine adhesions) and patency of the fallopian tubes
what are the 3 P’s of labor
powers, passenger, pelvis
what are early decelerations typically caused by
fetal head compression