Object Oriented Programming

Question 1

What is OOP (Object Oriented Programming)?

Answer 1

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming approach that organizes code into reusable software entities called objects. These objects encapsulate data (attributes) and the functions (methods) that operate on that data

Question 2

What is modularity?

Answer 2

Modularity is the concept of breaking down a complex system into smaller, independent, and interchangeable parts called modules

Question 3

What is Procedural programming?

Answer 3

Procedural programming is a programming paradigm that uses procedures (or functions and subroutines) to perform specific tasks, breaking down a program into a series of steps and instructions

Question 4

What is Inheritance?

Answer 4

The capabilities of a class to derive properities or characteristics from another class is known as inheritance. The properties of Class A can be shared or inherited by another Class name B without the need to write all of Class A propeties to B agian. This reduce redundancy in code.

Question 5

What is Encapsulation?

Answer 5

Encapsulation is the wrapping of data under a single unit or keeping data safe inside an object, and it can only be changeed in control ways. In Encapsulation Class A cannot accesss the properites or data in Class B. The data in Class A is hidden from Class B which is why it’s also caled data-hiding.

Question 6

What is Data Abstraction?

Answer 6

Data abstraction shows the essential information while hiding the rest. it include providing only essential information to the outside world and hiding the background implementation

Question 7

A computer does two thing, what are they?

Answer 7

A computer simply processes calculations and stores them

Question 8

What were the earliest set of computers?

Answer 8

The earliest set of computers were set to be fixed prorammed machines or computers meaning they were only made for specific purposes typicall for mathematical calculation. An example of a fixed programmed machine today is the calculaor

Question 9

What is a class?

Answer 9

A class is a
blueprint
for creating objects. It defines a structure that binds both
data
(attributes) and
methods
(functions) into a single unit

Question 9

What is the truly first Modern Computer?

Answer 9

Manchest Mark ii. A stored program computer

Question 9

WHat is flow of control

Answer 9

Is the order in which a program execute instructions or statement by using conditionals and loops.

Question 10

What is one weakness of python?

Answer 10

Weakness in static semantic checking so it’s not optimal for programs with high reliability constraints.

Question 11

What is an Object

Answer 11

An object is an
instance
of a class. It represents individual entities that have
state
(attributes)
and
behavior
(methods). Each object created from the same class will have unique values for
its attributes but share the same structure and behavior

Question 11

waht is the purpose of the init function?

Answer 11

_init__ function in Python is to initialize a new object when an instance of a class is created. It acts as the constructor for the class,

Question 11

What is the purpose of the .self function in python

Answer 11

n Python, self is a convention used within class methods to refer to the instance of the class on which the method is being called

Question 12

What are methods?

Answer 12

Functions defined within a class to represent behaviors

Question 13

What are constructors in python?

Answer 13

A special method within a class that is automatically called when an object of that
class is created

Question 14

What are attributes?

Answer 14

Attributes
are like the characteristics or properties of an object. They define what an object is
and what it can do. There are two main types

Question 15

Define the instance Attribute?

Answer 15

Instance Attributes:
Belong to individual objects.
Defined within the
__init__
method.
Accessed using
self.attribute_name

An instance attribute is a variable that belongs exclusively to a specific instance (object) of a class. Unlike class attributes, which are shared by all instances of a class, instance attributes store data that is unique to each individual object.

Question 16

What are class attribute?

Answer 16

Shared by all instances of a class.
Defined directly within the class.
Accessed using
ClassName.attribute_name
or
self.attribute_name
.

Question 16

What is an instance method?

Answer 16

Belong to individual objects.
Take
self
as the first parameter.
Can access both instance and class attributes

An instance method is a function that is defined within a class and operates on a specific object (an “instance”) of that class.

Question 17

What is a class method?

Answer 17

Belong to the class itself.
Decorated with the
Take
@classmethod
decorator.
cls
as the first parameter.
Can only access class attributes.
A class method in Python is a type of method that operates on the class itself, rather than on an instance of the class. It is defined within a class and is typically used to interact with class-level attribute

Question 18

Why do we use methods?

Answer 18

Encapsulation:
Methods help encapsulate the behavior of an object within the class,
making it more modular and easier to maintain.

Reusability:
You can define methods that can be used by multiple objects of the
same class, promoting code reusability.

Abstraction:
Methods allow you to hide the implementation details of an object’s
behavior, providing a simpler interface for users

Question 19

What is a getter method?

Answer 19

A getter method is used to retrieve the value of an attribute

Question 20

what is a setter mehtod?

Answer 20

A setter method is used to set or modify the value of an attribute. It provides a controlled way to update an attribute's value,

Question 21

What is the key idea behind encapsulation and why?

Answer 21

Encapsulation restrict direct access to certain parts of an object’s data and only allows interaction through specific methods, usually called getters and setters Why : This helps to protect the internal state of an object by making sure it cannot be changed or accessed directly in an uncontrolled way

Question 22

What are access modifiers?

Answer 22

In Python, access modifiers control how the attributes and methods of a class can be accessed. These modifiers are used to define the visibility and scope of class members

Question 23

What are the three level of access modifiers?

Answer 23

Python offers three levels of access modifiers: public , protected private

Question 23

What are the significance of Access Modifiers

Answer 23

Protect sensitive data (encapsulation) Prevent accidental modification Define visibility (public, protected, private

Question 24

What are publice access modifiers?

Answer 24

public member (variable or method) is accessible from anywhere — both inside and outside the class. By default, all class members in Python are public unless specified otherwise.

Question 25

What is a protected Access Modifiers?

Answer 25

A protected member is intended to be accessed only within the class and its subclasses, but not enforced strictly — it’s more of a convention in Python. Defined by one underscore _ before the name.

Question 26

What are private Access Modifiers?

Answer 26

A private member is completely hidden from outside the class. You cannot access it directly — only from inside the class. ➤ Defined by two underscores __ before the name.

Question 28

Why do we use getters and setters?

Answer 28

🛡️ Encapsulation Protects data from being changed directly. ✅ Validation Allows checking before changing a value. ⚙️ Control Lets you decide how attributes are set or retrieved. 🔒 Security Hides sensitive data and exposes only what’s needed.