Object Perception

Question 1

There are _ theories of object recognition: _, _, _, and _.

Answer 1

4
Template matching models
Feature matching Models
Recognition-by-components
Configural models

Question 2

Theories of Object Recognition

_ presents that we detect patterns by matching visual input with a set of templates stored in memory.

Answer 2

Template Matching

Question 3

Theories of Object Recognition

_ uses a set of transformations to best alight the object with a template (using: _, _, and _.)

Answer 3

Tamplate Matching
Translation
Rotation
Scaling

Question 4

Template Matching

A _ is a pattern, like a cookie cutter or a stencil. It can be used to compare in­dividual items to a standard.

Answer 4

Template

Question 5

Theories of Object Recognition

_ detect objects by the presence of features.

Answer 5

Feature Theories

Question 6

Theories of Object Recognition

_ search for simple but characteristic features of an object; their presence signals a match.

Answer 6

Feature-matching Models

Question 7

Feature Theories

The feature-matching approach also lends itself well to the idea that processing of information in the brain is _.

Answer 7

Parallel

Question 8

Feature Theories

Feature Theories need to also know how the features related to each other, also known as _.

Answer 8

Structural theories

Question 9

Theories of Object Recognition

The _ model provides a possible method for recognizing three-dimensional objects across variations in viewpoint or exemplars (Biederman, 1987). (p. 78).

Answer 9

recognition-by-components (RBC)

Question 10

RBC Model

The current model proposes that a set of _ geometrical three-dimensional shapes, such as cylinders and cones, can be used to represent just about any object; in the language of the model, these shapes are called _.

Answer 10

24
geons

Question 11

Laban.

Answer 11

Laban!

Question 12

RBC Model

Choice of shape vocabulary seems a bit _. However, choice of geons was based on non-accidental properties. The same geon can be recognized across a variety of different perspectives:

Answer 12

Arbitrary

Question 13

RBC Model

_ is possible except for a few accidental viewpoints, where geons cannot be uniquely identified

Answer 13

Viewpoint Invariance

Question 14

RBC Model

_ is easier when geons can be recovered.

Answer 14

Prediction

Question 15

RBC Model

_ disrupts geon processing more than just deleting parts of lines

Answer 15

Disrupting vertices

Question 16

RBC Model

In general, the effect of _ occurs when a stimulus or task facilitates processing a subsequent stimulus or task

Answer 16

priming

Question 17

RBC Models

Theory does not say how _, _, and _ details are processed. These are often important to tell apart specific exemplars or similar objects.

Answer 17

color
texture
small

Question 18

RBC Model

What are the problems of the RBC Model

Answer 18

1. Structural description not enough, also need metric info to distinguish between specific exemplars or similar objects
2. Difficult to extract geons from real images
3. For some objects, deriving a structural representation can be difficult

Question 19

Theories of Object Recognition

_ states that individual instances are not stored but what is stored is a representative element of a category.

Answer 19

Configural Models of Recognition

Question 20

Theories of Object Recognition

_ is where recognition is based on “distance” between perceived item and prototype.

Answer 20

Configural Models of Recognition

Question 21

Theories of Object Recognition

_ have been successful in the domain of face recognition.

Answer 21

Configuration Models

Question 22

Configural Models

_ is a representative element of a category.

Answer 22

Exemplar

Question 23

Configuration Models

Specific faces are described by their _, as defined by quantified average proportions in a population.

Answer 23

deviations from the prototypical face

Question 24

Configuration Models

All faces would have the same component parts in the same spatial arrangement, but their _ and _ make each unique.

Answer 24

relative sizes
distances

Question 25

# Configuration Models We create a caricatured version of the exemplar by _.

Answer 25

Moving away from the norm

Question 26

# Configuration Models By disrupting _, it becomes easier to process the individual parts

Answer 26

holistic (configural) processing

Question 27

# Configuration Models _ states that configural effects often disappear when stimulus is inverted.

Answer 27

Face Inversion

Question 28

# Top-down and Context Effects in Object Recognition _ can often help in identification of an object but can also alter the interpretation of an object.

Answer 28

Context

Question 29

# Context Effects _ states discriminating between letters is easier in the context of a word than as letters alone or in the context of a nonword striking.

Answer 29

Word Superiority Bias

Question 30

# Context Effects _ suggests that information at the word level might affect interpretation at the letter level.

Answer 30

Word Superiority Effect

Question 31

# Context Effects _ is a neural network model for how different information processing levels interact.

Answer 31

Interactive Activation Model

Question 32

# Interactive Activation Model Levels interact in _ as how letter combine to form words (feature to word level) and _ as how words affect detectability of letters (word to letter level).

Answer 32

Bottom up Top-down

Question 33

# Interactive Activation Model There are three levels of interactive activation models:

Answer 33

feature letter word

Question 33

# Interactive Activation Models _ represent features, letters and words where each has an activation level.

Answer 33

Nodes

Question 34

# Interactive Activation Model Connections between nodes are _ or _.

Answer 34

Excitatory Inhibitory

Question 35

# Interactive Activation Model Activation flows from _ to _ to _ level, and back to _ level.

Answer 35

feature letter word letter

Question 36

What method is being described in these statements: 1. Acquire brain data for different stimuli (e.g. bottles and shoes) 2. Train a classifier (such as the neural network on right) to discriminate between bottle voxel patterns and shoe voxel patterns 3. Test classifier on novel images

Answer 36

Pattern Classification Model

Question 37

# Pattern Classification Model Haxby et al. (2001) can predict with 96% accuracy stimuli from 8 categories, namely:

Answer 37

Faces Cats Scissors Chairs Houses Bottles Shoes Scrambled Pictures

Question 38

What is being described in the statement: Engel & co-workers (e.g 1992) suggested that neurons representing the same object fire in synchrony.

Answer 38

Reconstructing Mental Images