“the intentional use
of physical force or power, threatened or actual,
against oneself, another person, or against a
group or community, that either results in or has a
high likelihood of resulting in injury, death,
psychological harm, maldevelopment or
deprivation
violence
An emotional response to frustration of desires, threat to one’s
needs (emotional or physical), or a challenge
anger
Action or behaviour that results in verbal or physical attack
aggression
a term used for legal purposes to describe violence
perpetrated against children and dependent adults
abuse
used to describe the intentional threat of application of force to
another person (can be physical or sexual in nature
assault
- A behaviour intended primarily, but not solely, to do physical harm to
someone or something - Aggression in its extreme form.
- An act can be planned or spontaneous.
- Can be used to dominate; to exert power and control over others; and
to exact revenge
violence
- An uncontrollable, violent state of anger and is quite uncommon.
- An individual in this stage cannot think clearly or logically, and
psychosocial or cognitive behavioural interventions are not possible
rage
- Those who initiate violence, often consider their own needs to be
more important than anyone else’s and look to others to meet
their needs. - The term applies to any member of a household who is violent
toward another member (ex. Children, siblings, partners,
extended family members)
perpetrators
This term recognizes the recovery and healing process that
follows victimization and does not have the connotation of
passivity that “victim” has
survivor
- Referred to a maltreatment
- Defined as any recent act or failure to act, resulting in
imminent risk of serious physical harm or death; emotional
harm, sexual abuse, neglect or exploitation of a child under
the age of 18 by a parent, caretaker or other person
child abuse
- Biologic mother (90%), biologic father (5%), or female caregiver
(5%) fabricates or deliberately causes an illness or injury in the
child in order to gain sympathy for themselves
munchausen’s syndrome by proxy
- Child abuse- leading cause of brain injuries to infants.
- Adult loses control and violently shakes child why has been
crying.
shaken baby syndrome
- Failure to provide for a child’s basic physical, medical or
educational needs. - Abandonment of a child or lack of adequate supervision are
also considered neglect - Emotional neglect – Failure to thrive
child neglect
Includes fondling of a child’s genitals, intercourse, incest, rape, sodomy,
exhibitionism and commercial exploitation through prostitution or production of
pornographic materials
child sexual abuse
Consists of verbal assaults or threats that cause fear, poor
communication
emotional abuse or neglect
- Includes sexual harassment, stalking,
sexual coercion and rape. - Sexual harassment is defined as
unwelcome, sexual advances or
conduct on the job that creates an
uncomfortable working environment. - Stalking is defined as a pattern of
unwanted communication. - 5 types of stalkers
- Sexual coercion is defined as incidents
in which one dominant person forces
another to perform sexual acts
adult sexual abuse
what are the elements necessary to legally define rape?
- Use of force, threat, intimidation or duress.
- Vaginal, oral or anal penetration.
- No consent by the victim
a variant of PTSD and consists of an acute
phase and a long-term reorganization process that occurs after an actual
or attempted sexual assault.
* Each phase has separate symptoms
rape-trauma syndrome
occurs immediately after the
assault and may last 2 to 3 weeks.
* At this stage, patients usually are seen by emergency department personnel
and, if available, the sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE), who is most
involved in dealing with initial reactions.
* During this phase, there is a great deal of disorganization in the person’s
life, and somatic symptoms are common.
* This disorganization can be described in terms of impact, somatic, and
emotional reactions
acute phase (RTS)
occurs 2 or
more weeks after the sexual assault.
* Nurses who care for survivors during the acute phase can help them
anticipate and prepare for the reactions they are likely to experience during
this later phase, which include the following:
* Intrusive thoughts of the sexual assault that break into the survivor’s conscious
mind both during the day and during sleep. These thoughts commonly include
visions of violence toward the assailant, flashbacks (re-experiencing the
traumatic event), or dreams with violent content contributing to insomnia, and
incite emotions such as anger.
* Increased activity, such as moving, taking trips, changing telephone numbers,
and making frequent visits to old friends. This activity stems from the fear that
the assailant will return.
* Increased emotional lability, including intense anxiety, mood swings, crying
spells, and depression.
long-term reorganization phase (RTS)
Unexplained cuts, bruises; scars; burns; wounds around head,
face, chest, arms, abdomen, back, buttocks, and genitalia
physical violence
Bruising or injury around genitalia and presence of urinary
tract infection
sexual violence
When someone used threats and causes fear in an individual
to gain control
psychological abuse
Low self-esteem, anguish, and isolation
emotional violence
