Objective 3.4 Full Flashcards

(60 cards)

1
Q

What is DHCP and what does it do?
- A method for encrypting emails
- A service that stores domain records
- A protocol that automatically assigns IP addresses and network settings to devices
- A protocol for secure web traffic

A

A protocol that automatically assigns IP addresses and network settings to devices
Practical Example: DHCP assigns IP addresses, subnet masks, gateways, and DNS automatically.
Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services.
Follow-Up Question: Why is DHCP useful in large networks?

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2
Q

What is a DHCP reservation?
- An IP address permanently assigned to a device via its MAC address
- An unused IP address
- A temporary lease for an IP address
- A range of IPs excluded from assignment

A

An IP address permanently assigned to a device via its MAC address
Practical Example: Printers often get reserved IPs to maintain consistent addressing.
Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services.
Follow-Up Question: When might you prefer a reservation over static IP?

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3
Q

What is a DHCP scope?
- A type of IP exclusion
- A time limit for IP address use
- A method for securing IP traffic
- A defined range of IP addresses a DHCP server can assign

A

A defined range of IP addresses a DHCP server can assign
Practical Example: Example: Scope of 192.168.1.100–192.168.1.200.
Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services.
Follow-Up Question: Why should scopes be sized appropriately?

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4
Q

What is DHCP lease time?
- The maximum uptime of a device
- The time DHCP waits to start
- The duration a device can use an IP address before renewal
- The speed of IP assignment

A

The duration a device can use an IP address before renewal
Practical Example: Short leases suit guest Wi-Fi, long leases suit stable LAN devices.
Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services.
Follow-Up Question: How could very short leases cause problems?

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5
Q

What are DHCP options?
- Methods for encrypting DHCP traffic
- Backup DHCP servers
- Reserved IP addresses only
- Extra parameters sent with DHCP like DNS and NTP servers

A

Extra parameters sent with DHCP like DNS and NTP servers
Practical Example: Option 6 can assign DNS servers automatically.
Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services.
Follow-Up Question: Why might a DHCP option be used for VoIP phones?

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6
Q

What is a DHCP relay (IP helper)?
- A DHCP backup system
- A feature that encrypts DHCP traffic
- A static IP assignment tool
- A service that forwards DHCP requests to a server on another subnet

A

A service that forwards DHCP requests to a server on another subnet
Practical Example: Used when DHCP server and clients are on different subnets.
Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services.
Follow-Up Question: How does a relay help in multi-subnet networks?

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7
Q

What is a DHCP exclusion range?
- An entire unused subnet
- A range of IPs in a scope not given out dynamically
- A list of blocked MAC addresses
- A backup DHCP scope

A

A range of IPs in a scope not given out dynamically
Practical Example: Prevents IP conflicts with statically assigned devices.
Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services.
Follow-Up Question: Why might you exclude router or printer IPs?

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8
Q

What is SLAAC in IPv6?
- A method for IPv4 auto configuration
- A method for devices to self-configure IPv6 addresses from router ads
- A DHCP option for IPv6 only
- A static assignment for IPv6

A

A method for devices to self-configure IPv6 addresses from router ads
Practical Example: IPv6 hosts can form addresses without DHCPv6.
Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services.
Follow-Up Question: When is SLAAC preferred over DHCPv6?

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9
Q

Difference between DHCP reservation and exclusion range?
- Reservation removes IPs from use, exclusion assigns fixed IPs
- Both exclude IPs from assignment
- Reservation assigns a fixed IP, exclusion removes IPs from dynamic pool
- Both assign fixed IPs

A

Reservation assigns a fixed IP, exclusion removes IPs from dynamic pool
Practical Example: Reservations ensure the same IP for a device; exclusions block assignment entirely.
Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services.
Follow-Up Question: When would you use both together?

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10
Q

Difference between DHCP and SLAAC?
- Both assign addresses via DHCP server
- DHCP assigns all settings centrally, SLAAC self-generates IPv6 address
- DHCP is only for IPv6
- SLAAC assigns IPv4 only

A

DHCP assigns all settings centrally, SLAAC self-generates IPv6 address
Practical Example: SLAAC uses router advertisements, DHCP uses a server.
Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services.
Follow-Up Question: Which is easier to deploy in IPv6 networks?

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11
Q

A printer always needs the same IP — which feature would you use?
- DHCP exclusion
- DHCP scope
- DHCP relay
- DHCP reservation

A

DHCP reservation
Practical Example: Reservation ties IP to MAC for consistent addressing.
Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services.
Follow-Up Question: What could happen if this printer used a dynamic IP?

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12
Q

Prevent certain IPs from being dynamically assigned — which feature?
- DHCP scope
- DHCP reservation
- DHCP relay
- DHCP exclusion

A

DHCP exclusion
Practical Example: Exclusions avoid conflicts with static devices.
Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services.
Follow-Up Question: Why exclude gateway IP from DHCP scope?

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13
Q

Clients on another subnet need DHCP — what feature?
- DHCP exclusion
- SLAAC
- DHCP reservation
- DHCP relay

A

DHCP relay
Practical Example: Relay forwards requests to central server.
Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services.
Follow-Up Question: Why not just install another DHCP server on that subnet?

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14
Q

Network with many guest devices, minimal config — which method?
- Static IPs
- Manual IPv6
- Only SLAAC
- DHCP

A

DHCP
Practical Example: DHCP automates IP and settings assignment.
Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services.
Follow-Up Question: Why is DHCP preferred over static IPs for guests?

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15
Q

Lease time is 1 hour — effect on traffic?
- More frequent DHCP renewals
- More IP conflicts
- Less frequent DHCP renewals
- Slower internet

A

More frequent DHCP renewals
Practical Example: Short leases increase renewal traffic.
Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services.
Follow-Up Question: When might short leases be beneficial?

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16
Q

Very long lease time issue?
- Slow boot times
- IP exhaustion if devices leave network
- Frequent renewals
- Duplicate IPs immediately

A

IP exhaustion if devices leave network
Practical Example: Old IPs stay assigned too long.
Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services.
Follow-Up Question: When might long leases still be appropriate?

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17
Q

Device makes IPv6 address without DHCP — which method?
- DHCPv6
- SLAAC
- Manual IPv6
- IPv4 APIPA

A

SLAAC
Practical Example: SLAAC uses router advertisements.
Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services.
Follow-Up Question: What protocol sends IPv6 router advertisements?

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18
Q

Why use SLAAC over DHCPv6?
- More secure
- Provides IPv4 support
- Allows static IPv6 only
- Simpler, no server needed

A

Simpler, no server needed
Practical Example: Useful in small IPv6 networks.
Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services.
Follow-Up Question: What limitation does SLAAC have compared to DHCPv6?

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19
Q

What is DNS and what does it do?
- Stores website files
- Translates domain names into IP addresses
- Encrypts internet traffic
- Assigns IP addresses automatically

A

Translates domain names into IP addresses
Practical Example: DNS is like a phone book for the internet.
Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services.
Follow-Up Question: Why is DNS essential for browsing?

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20
Q

What is DNSSEC?
- A security extension that authenticates DNS data
- A DNS caching system
- A method for speeding up DNS
- A DNS record type

A

A security extension that authenticates DNS data
Practical Example: DNSSEC uses digital signatures to prevent tampering.
Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services.
Follow-Up Question: How does DNSSEC prevent cache poisoning?

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21
Q

What is DNS over HTTPS (DoH)?
- Secures web traffic only
- Caches DNS records locally
- Encrypts DNS queries using HTTPS protocol
- Encrypts DNS queries using TLS

A

Encrypts DNS queries using HTTPS protocol
Practical Example: DoH hides DNS queries within HTTPS traffic.
Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services.
Follow-Up Question: How does DoH improve privacy?

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22
Q

What is DNS over TLS (DoT)?
- Encrypts DNS queries using HTTPS
- Blocks DNS lookups
- Encrypts DNS queries using TLS protocol
- Stores DNS data in plain text

A

Encrypts DNS queries using TLS protocol
Practical Example: DoT secures DNS queries separately from HTTPS.
Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services.
Follow-Up Question: When might DoT be preferred over DoH?

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23
Q

What is an A record?
- Maps an alias to a canonical name
- Maps a domain to an IPv6 address
- Maps a domain to an IPv4 address
- Points to a mail server

A

Maps a domain to an IPv4 address
Practical Example: Example: example.com → 192.168.1.1
Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services.
Follow-Up Question: Which record maps IPv6 addresses?

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24
Q

What is an AAAA record?
- Maps a domain to an IPv4 address
- Points to a mail server
- Maps a domain to an IPv6 address
- Maps an alias to a canonical name

A

Maps a domain to an IPv6 address
Practical Example: Example: example.com → 2001:db8::1
Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services.
Follow-Up Question: Why are AAAA records becoming more important?

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25
What is a CNAME record? - Maps an alias name to a true (canonical) domain name - Maps an IP to a domain - Points to a mail server - Maps a domain to an IP address
Maps an alias name to a true (canonical) domain name Practical Example: Example: blog.example.com → example.com Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: Why use a CNAME instead of an A record?
26
What is an MX record? - Maps alias names - Specifies mail servers for a domain - Maps domain to IPv6 - Maps domain to IPv4
Specifies mail servers for a domain Practical Example: Example: mail.example.com handles domain email. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: How do MX records prioritize mail delivery?
27
What is a TXT record? - Maps a domain to IPv4 - Maps alias names - Points to mail servers - Stores text information in DNS for verification/security
Stores text information in DNS for verification/security Practical Example: Used for SPF and DKIM email authentication. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: Why use TXT records for SPF?
28
What is an NS record? - Points to mail servers - Identifies DNS servers for a domain - Maps IPv4 addresses - Maps IPv6 addresses
Identifies DNS servers for a domain Practical Example: NS records show authoritative DNS servers. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: How do NS records aid redundancy?
29
What is a PTR record? - Maps alias names - Maps an IP address to a domain name - Points to mail servers - Maps a domain to an IP address
Maps an IP address to a domain name Practical Example: Used in reverse DNS lookups. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: Why are PTR records useful in email security?
30
What is a forward zone? - Verifies DNSSEC - Resolves IP addresses to domain names - Resolves domain names to IP addresses - Stores local DNS cache
Resolves domain names to IP addresses Practical Example: Contains A, AAAA, and MX records. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: Which zone type is the opposite of forward?
31
What is a reverse zone? - Resolves domain names to IP addresses - Caches DNS lookups - Resolves IP addresses to domain names - Stores DNSSEC keys
Resolves IP addresses to domain names Practical Example: Used for reverse DNS queries. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: What record type is common in reverse zones?
32
What is an authoritative DNS zone? - Has final authority over its own DNS records - Provides cached responses only - Is used only for testing - Mirrors another zone
Has final authority over its own DNS records Practical Example: Responds without needing to query others. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: Why is authoritative data more reliable?
33
What is a non-authoritative DNS zone? - Has final authority over its records - Acts as a root zone - Stores DNSSEC keys - Provides cached DNS information from another source
Provides cached DNS information from another source Practical Example: Answers based on previously queried data. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: When might non-authoritative data be stale?
34
What is a primary DNS zone? - Temporary DNS zone - DNS cache - Read-only copy of a zone - Main zone file where records are stored and managed
Main zone file where records are stored and managed Practical Example: Changes can be made directly to primary zones. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: Why replicate to secondary zones?
35
What is a secondary DNS zone? - Read-only copy of the primary zone - Forward lookup zone only - Editable DNS zone - Root DNS zone
Read-only copy of the primary zone Practical Example: Used for redundancy and load balancing. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: What protocol updates secondary zones?
36
What is a recursive DNS query? - A query only to root servers - A query where the DNS server retrieves the full answer for the client - A DNSSEC lookup only - A query that returns partial data
A query where the DNS server retrieves the full answer for the client Practical Example: Server queries other DNS servers on behalf of the client. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: Why use recursive resolution?
37
What is the hosts file? - A temporary DNS cache - An encrypted DNS store - Local file mapping hostnames to IP addresses - A DNS server record
Local file mapping hostnames to IP addresses Practical Example: Used for testing or blocking domains. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: Why does the hosts file override DNS lookups?
38
Difference between forward and reverse DNS zones? - Forward maps names to IPs, reverse maps IPs to names - Both map IPs to names - Both map names to IPs - Forward maps IPs to names, reverse maps names to IPs
Forward maps names to IPs, reverse maps IPs to names Practical Example: Forward zones: website lookup; Reverse zones: email validation. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: Which uses PTR records?
39
Difference between authoritative and non-authoritative responses? - Authoritative is cached, non-authoritative is from source - Both are cached - Authoritative is final from source, non-authoritative is cached - Both are final from source
Authoritative is final from source, non-authoritative is cached Practical Example: Authoritative zones answer directly; non-authoritative may be stale. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: Why prefer authoritative answers?
40
Difference between primary and secondary DNS zones? - Secondary is editable, primary is read-only - Both are editable - Primary is editable, secondary is read-only - Both are read-only
Primary is editable, secondary is read-only Practical Example: Secondary zones replicate from primary. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: How does zone transfer work?
41
Difference between DoH and DoT? - DoH uses HTTPS, DoT uses TLS - DoH uses TLS, DoT uses HTTPS - Both use TLS - Both use HTTPS
DoH uses HTTPS, DoT uses TLS Practical Example: DoH blends with normal web traffic, DoT uses a dedicated port. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: Which might be easier to block by firewalls?
42
Which DNS record maps a website to IPv4? - AAAA record - CNAME record - A record - MX record
A record Practical Example: Example: example.com → 192.0.2.1 Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: Which record maps IPv6?
43
Which DNS record maps a website to IPv6? - MX record - A record - AAAA record - CNAME record
AAAA record Practical Example: Example: example.com → 2001:db8::1 Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: Why are AAAA records important for IPv6?
44
Which DNS record is for email delivery? - A record - MX record - CNAME record - PTR record
MX record Practical Example: Points to the domain’s mail server. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: What does MX priority control?
45
Which DNS record maps an alias to the main domain? - MX record - CNAME record - NS record - A record
CNAME record Practical Example: Allows multiple domains to point to same IP. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: Why not just use A records?
46
Which DNS record verifies domain for SPF? - PTR record - TXT record - A record - MX record
TXT record Practical Example: TXT can hold SPF/DKIM info. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: Why is SPF important?
47
Which DNS record is for reverse lookups? - PTR record - AAAA record - MX record - A record
PTR record Practical Example: Maps IP back to hostname. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: Why is reverse DNS useful in email?
48
Prevent DNS cache poisoning? - DoT - DNSSEC - DoH - TXT record
DNSSEC Practical Example: Authenticates DNS responses. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: What type of key does DNSSEC use?
49
Secure DNS from eavesdropping? - DoH or DoT - PTR record - TXT record - DNSSEC
DoH or DoT Practical Example: Encrypts DNS queries. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: Which hides DNS in HTTPS traffic?
50
Which zone maps IPs to names? - Primary zone - Forward zone - Secondary zone - Reverse zone
Reverse zone Practical Example: Used for PTR lookups. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: What’s the opposite zone type?
51
Cached DNS answer — authoritative? - Always authoritative - Yes, authoritative - No, non-authoritative - Always from root servers
No, non-authoritative Practical Example: Non-authoritative answers come from cache. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: How to check if answer is authoritative?
52
Which DNS zone is read-only? - Reverse zone - Forward zone - Primary zone - Secondary zone
Secondary zone Practical Example: Used for redundancy. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: What’s the benefit of multiple secondary zones?
53
Which file overrides DNS lookups? - Hosts file - Forward zone - TXT record - Reverse zone
Hosts file Practical Example: Local manual mapping. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: Why might admins use it for testing?
54
What is NTP? - Protocol for secure DNS - Protocol for IPv6 addressing - Protocol for encrypted email - Protocol to synchronize clocks over a network within milliseconds
Protocol to synchronize clocks over a network within milliseconds Practical Example: Used on most internet-connected systems. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: Why is accurate time important in logs?
55
What is PTP? - Protocol for encrypted DNS - Protocol for IPv6 config - Protocol for milliseconds sync - Protocol to synchronize clocks within nanoseconds
Protocol to synchronize clocks within nanoseconds Practical Example: Used in industrial control systems. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: When is nanosecond accuracy needed?
56
What is NTS? - Protocol for DNS security - Security extension for NTP adding encryption/authentication - Protocol for IPv6 - Time protocol for nanoseconds
Security extension for NTP adding encryption/authentication Practical Example: Protects against tampered time data. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: Why is NTS important in finance?
57
Difference between NTP and PTP? - NTP = ns accuracy, PTP = ms accuracy - Both = ms accuracy - NTP is faster than PTP - NTP = ms accuracy, PTP = ns accuracy
NTP = ms accuracy, PTP = ns accuracy Practical Example: PTP suits precision systems; NTP suits general sync. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: Which protocol is older?
58
Which protocol syncs within milliseconds over internet? - PTP - DNSSEC - NTS - NTP
NTP Practical Example: Common in servers/workstations. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: Which is more precise than NTP?
59
Which protocol needs nanosecond precision? - PTP - DNSSEC - NTS - NTP
PTP Practical Example: Used in telecom/finance industries. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: Why not use PTP for all networks?
60
Which protocol secures NTP? - DoT - DNSSEC - NTS - PTP
NTS Practical Example: Encrypts/authenticates time sync. Exam Objective: CompTIA N10-009 Objective 3.4 – Implement IPv4 and IPv6 Network Services. Follow-Up Question: What attack does NTS prevent?