Price ceiling
The highest selling price for a good or service allowed by government or law.
Price floor
The lowest selling price for a good or service allowed by government or law.
Shortage
Insufficient quantity of inventory to meet the demand because price is below market equilibrium
Surplus
Excess quantity inventory that remains unsold because price is greater than the market clearing price
Non price rationing
Methods of allocating goods or services other than price, such as first-come-first-served, lottery, or other discrimination.