3 stages
- Exposure (observation)
- Acquisition (learning bx)
- Acceptance (ok, I’ll do it)
4 types of acceptance
- Specific imitation = same exact bx
- General imiitation = similar bx
- Specific counterimitation = exact opposite bx
- General counterimitation = somewhat different bx
Live modeling
model = actually present
symbolic model
model = observed indirectly
covert modeling
familiar form of symbolic modeling in which people imagine how someone would perform a bx
coping model
model = initially fearful
- becomes more comfortable and skilled
master model
model = expert
- no fear
self-modeling
Clients serve as their own models of adaptive functioning
covert self-modeling
imagine self
video self-modeling
view videos that show self performing bx
- need clever editing techniques
imitation
occurs when someone observe a model then behaves like the model
vicarious consequences
consequence of model’s bx – important bc indicate the consequences observers are likely to receive for imitating the model
Modeling as a fear reduction procedure
Dev by Ritter
- AKA contact desensitization or guided participation
Modeling as a fear reduction procedure - 3 steps
- Modeling: Tp models fear-evoking bx
- Prompting, bx rehearsal, shaping, in vivo desensitization:
- Tp verbally prompts cl to imitate the bx just modeled
- Physically prompts cl to perform bx – eg holds hand etc
- Reassuring for cl - Fading prompts: tp gradually withdraws the verbal and physical prompts
- cl begins to perform bx w tp present but w/out prompts then w/out tp
participant modeling
Part of modeling as fear reduction procedure
- tp models the fear-evoking bx for cl then verbally encourages and physically guides cl’s practicing the bx – most effective
