Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Question 1

OCD

Answer 1

• the person will experience intrusive, recurrent thoughts and urges that are unwanted
• attempt to suppress unwanted obsessive thoughts by performing behaviours to stop them
• hoarding
• body dysmorphic disorder(BDD)
• Charles(Rapoport)

Question 2

Measures

Answer 2

• Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI)

- Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS)

Question 3

MOCI

Answer 3

• Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory
• short assessment tool
• 30 items
• true or false
• the score ranges from 0 to 30

Question 4

Y-BOCS

Answer 4

• Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale
• developed by Goodman et al
• measure the nature and severity of an individual’s symptoms
• semi-structured interview
• 30 mins
• also a checklist of obsessions and compulsions with a ten-item severity scale
• score 0-40
• above 16 OCD

Question 5

Biomedical(Genetic)

Answer 5

• Mattheisen et al
• 1406 patients with OCD and other members
• gene PTPRD and SLITRK3
• interact to regulate certain synapses in the brain
• Other studies found evidence of the gene DRD4

Question 6

Biochemical

Answer 6

• Oxytocin-love hormone
• shown to increase fear and disturst of certain stimuli
• Leckman et al
• by analyzing cerebral spinal fluid and patient accounts of behaviour
• some forms of OCD were related to oxytocin dysfunction

Question 7

Neurological

Answer 7

• abnormalities of brain structure and function
• basal ganglia and two associated regions usually work together to send and check warning messages about threatening stimuli
• basal ganglia continues to receive worrying messages that sth is wrong.

Question 8

Cognitive and Behavioural

Answer 8

• obsessive thinking is based on faulty reasoning

- Compulsive behaviour can be explained through the principles of operant conditioning

Question 9

Treatment- Boimedical

Answer 9

• SSRIs
• meta analysis Soomro et al
• 3097 participants

Question 10

Psychological (Cognitive)

Answer 10

-Lovell et al
-randomized control trial to compare the effectiveness of CBT delivered by phone and face to face
72 participants from 2 outpatient hospitals-10 weekly sessions of therapy
-measured using YBOCs, BeckDepression Inventory, and a client satisfaction questionnaire
-significant improvement in both groups

Question 11

Exposure and Response Prevention

Answer 11

• Lehmkuhl et al
• form of CBT
• case study with a 12 year old boy with autism and OCD.
• gathering info about exising symptoms, therapist initiated ERP, generalization and relapse training
• treatment modified to meet Jason’s specific ASD needs
• exposure
• after the therapy YBOCS dropped from 18 to 3
• three month followup- score remained low