Obstructives

Question 1

Obstructive lung disease

Answer 1

Increase in resistance to airflow due to partial or full collapse of airway.
FEV/FVC will be reduced
In extreme cases V/Q will be 0 (while in an embolism V/Q would be infinite

Question 2

Emphysema

Answer 2

Alveolar elargement due to wall destruction leading to loss of elasticity and airway collapse

Question 3

Emphysema: Types and symptoms

Answer 3

• Centriacinar: 40yo smoker, worse in upper lobes
• Panacinar: A1AT (heterozygote {PIMZ) causing protease deficiency (more common in young patients) with liver cirohhosis
• Dimished breath sounds and prolonged inspiration through purse lips with a barrel chest
• Pink puffer

Question 4

Chronic Bronchitis

Answer 4

• 3 months over 2 years of coughing with MUCUS for days.
• Goblet cell metaplasia/columna cells lose cilia leading to increased mucus and Reid index >.4
• Rhonci
• Blue bloaters (cyanotic and coughing)

Question 5

Asthma

Answer 5

• Episodic bronchoconstriction with wheezing
• Drug induced by aspirin or other NSAID, they get nasal polyps

-Give beta 2 agonist

Question 6

Bronchiectasis

Answer 6

• Permanent dilation of the bronchioles and bronchi due to nectrotizing infection
• Karatenger syndrome (shitty cilia dynein)
• Leads to cor pulmonale and amyloidosis and brain abcess
• FOUL smelling sputum